Sex promotes spatial and dietary segregation in a migratory shorebird during the non-breeding season.
Sex promotes spatial and dietary segregation in a migratory shorebird during the non-breeding season.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0033811
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Granadeiro JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Catry T;Alves JA;Gill JA;Gunnarsson TG;Granadeiro JP
在动物中，特别是在那些表现出明显的二型性的动物中，已经描述了性分离的几种表现。在繁殖季节之外，隔离主要归因于大小或年龄介导的优势或营养生态位分歧。尽管对人口动态的影响已得到承认，但对性别隔离的生态原因和后果仍然知之甚少。我们调查了觅食习性的滨鸟显示反向性二型，黑尾godwit Limosa limosa，在冬季，发现广泛的性别隔离的空间分布，微生境的使用和饮食组成。雄性和雌性具有较高的网站保真度，但不同的分布在河口规模。男性godwits（短嘴）觅食更频繁地在暴露的泥滩比补丁更高的水位，并消耗更多的双壳类和腹足类和少多毛类比女性。女性往往更频繁地参与，并赢得更多的积极互动比男性。然而，记录的攻击数量很低，这表明性优势在隔离中发挥的作用较小，尽管不能排除其重要性。摄食器官的二态性已被用来解释许多鸟类觅食生态和行为的性别差异，但很少有研究证实，形态特征驱动每个性别内的个体差异。我们发现了资源使用和账单大小之间的关系时，从男性和女性汇集数据。然而，这种关系并不适用于任何性别单独，这表明godwits觅食习惯的差异主要是性别的功能，而不是喙的大小。因此，这种隔离的确切机制仍然是未知的。所记录的空间分布和资源使用方面的差异可能使男性和女性面临不同的威胁，从而通过不同的死亡率影响人口动态。因此，种群模型和有效的保护策略应该越来越多地考虑性别特异性的要求。
Several expressions of sexual segregation have been described in animals, especially in those exhibiting conspicuous dimorphism. Outside the breeding season, segregation has been mostly attributed to size or age-mediated dominance or to trophic niche divergence. Regardless of the recognized implications for population dynamics, the ecological causes and consequences of sexual segregation are still poorly understood. We investigate the foraging habits of a shorebird showing reversed sexual dimorphism, the black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa, during the winter season, and found extensive segregation between sexes in spatial distribution, microhabitat use and dietary composition. Males and females exhibited high site-fidelity but differed in their distributions at estuary-scale. Male godwits (shorter-billed) foraged more frequently in exposed mudflats than in patches with higher water levels, and consumed more bivalves and gastropods and fewer polychaetes than females. Females tended to be more frequently involved and to win more aggressive interactions than males. However, the number of aggressions recorded was low, suggesting that sexual dominance plays a lesser role in segregation, although its importance cannot be ruled out. Dimorphism in the feeding apparatus has been used to explain sex differences in foraging ecology and behaviour of many avian species, but few studies confirmed that morphologic characteristics drive individual differences within each sex. We found a relationship between resource use and bill size when pooling data from males and females. However, this relationship did not hold for either sex separately, suggesting that differences in foraging habits of godwits are primarily a function of sex, rather than bill size. Hence, the exact mechanisms through which this segregation operates are still unknown. The recorded differences in spatial distribution and resource use might expose male and female to distinct threats, thus affecting population dynamics through differential mortality. Therefore, population models and effective conservation strategies should increasingly take sex-specific requirements into consideration.
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影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Alves, Jose A.;Lourenco, Pedro M.;Gill, Jennifer A.
通讯作者：
Gill, Jennifer A.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Liu, Wan-Chun;Kroodsma, Donald E.
通讯作者：
Kroodsma, Donald E.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Alves, J. A.;Sutherland, W. J.;Gill, J. A.
通讯作者：
Gill, J. A.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
DURELL, SEALD;GOSSCUSTARD, JD;CALDOW, RWG
通讯作者：
CALDOW, RWG
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Cardoso, Ines;Granadeiro, Jose Pedro;Cabral, Henrique
通讯作者：
Cabral, Henrique