Development of artificial surface hoar production system using a circuit wind tunnel and formation of various crystal types
Development of artificial surface hoar production system using a circuit wind tunnel and formation of various crystal types
复制标题
使用循环风洞开发人造表面灰浆生产系统并形成各种晶体类型
DOI：
10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102889
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Adachi Satoru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ozeki Toshihiro;Tsuda Masashi;Yashiro Yuhei;Fujita Kyosuke;Adachi Satoru
地表灰白层是干板状雪崩中最典型的软弱层之一。为了研究积雪的特征，包括表面白霜层，我们开发了人工制造表面白霜的装置。两个增长系统开发使用电路风洞。第一个装置使用回路风洞供应风。几毫米厚的雪被放置在冷却板（0.12平方米）上，以形成基本的雪层。然后，利用空气的温度和相对高的水蒸气压之间的差异，在雪表面上生长表面白霜;和冷却的雪表面。人工生长的表面灰白晶体形状有简单板状、扇形板状、树枝状、针状、柱状和杯状。结果表明，晶体形状取决于雪面温度和风条件。树枝状和针状都需要低风速条件。晶体形状随温度变化的趋势与人工雪晶和深层灰白晶体的习性一致。在第二个装置中，我们设置了九个冷却板，并在基本积雪上制作了一个表面灰白层。使用该系统，一次实验就可以制作出面积为1.08 m2的表面白霜。在一次实验中可以选择三种表面温度，因为面板是由三种不同的恒温槽冷却的。这些系统对于有效地研究雪和表面白霜层的特征是有用的。
The surface hoar layer is known to be one of the most typical types of weak layers in dry slab avalanches. To investigate the features of snow cover, including the surface hoar layer, we developed apparatuses that make surface hoar artificially. Two growth systems were developed using circuit wind tunnels. The first apparatus supplied wind using a circuit wind tunnel. A few millimeters thick of snow were placed on a cooling panel (0.12 m2) to form the fundamental snow layer. Surface hoar was then grown on the snow surface using the difference between the temperature and relatively high water vapor pressure of the air; and the cooled snow surface. The shapes of the artificially grown surface hoar crystals were simple plate, sector plate, dendrite, needle, column and cup. It was suggested that the crystal shape depended on snow surface temperature and wind condition. Both dendrite and needle shapes required low wind conditions. The trend of the temperature dependence of the crystal shape was often in agreement with the habit of artificial snow crystals and depth hoar crystals. In the second apparatus, we set nine cooling panels and made a surface hoar layer on the fundamental snow cover. It was possible to make surface hoar with an area of 1.08 m2with one experiment using this system. Three surface temperatures could be selected in a single experiment because the panels were cooled by three different thermostatic baths. These systems are useful for investigating the features of snow and the surface hoar layer efficiently.