Endocannabinoids and related fatty acid amides, and their regulation, in the salivary glands of the lone star tick
Endocannabinoids and related fatty acid amides, and their regulation, in the salivary glands of the lone star tick
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DOI：
10.1016/s1388-1981(03)00087-8
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发表时间：
2003-07-04
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Sauer, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fezza, F;Dillwith, JW;Sauer, JR
对来自孤星蜱 Amblyomma americanum (L.) 的唾液腺和唾液进行了分析，以确定大麻素受体的两种内源性激动剂 N-花生四烯酰乙醇胺 (anandamide) 和 2-花生四烯酰甘油 (2-AG) 以及 anandamide 同系物 N-棕榈酰乙醇胺 (PEA)（一种抗炎和抗炎药物）的存在。对大麻素受体无活性的镇痛介质。为此使用了两种非常灵敏的质谱技术。 2-AG 和 PEA 以及其他 N-酰基乙醇胺 (NAE) 均在唾液腺中被鉴定出，但 anandamide 的含量低于检测值。部分喂养的雌性唾液腺中 2-AG 的水平明显高于完全喂养的雌性。用花生四烯酸进行离体腺体刺激会增加 2-AG 的水平，但不会增加 PEA 或其他 NAE 的水平，并导致花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺和强效镇痛化合物 N-花生四烯酰甘氨酸的形成。相反，anandamide、2-AG 和 PEA 的含量不受多巴胺处理唾液腺的影响，多巴胺刺激唾液分泌。在唾液腺中也检测到了 anandamide、PEA 和其他 NAE 的可能生物合成前体，而在蜱唾液中仅检测到了 PEA。这些数据首次证明专性外寄生虫物种的唾液腺可以产生具有镇痛和抗炎活性的内源性大麻素和/或相关同源物，其可能参与抑制宿主防御反应。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
The salivary glands and saliva from the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) were analyzed for the presence of the two endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as of the anandamide congener, N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), an anti-inflammatory and analgesic mediator that is inactive at cannabinoid receptors. Two very sensitive mass-spectrometric techniques were used for this purpose. Both 2-AG and PEA, as well as other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), were identified in salivary glands, but anandamide was below detection. The levels of 2-AG were considerably higher in the salivary glands of partially fed than replete females. Ex vivo gland stimulation with arachidonic acid increased the levels of 2-AG, but not of PEA or other NAEs, and caused the formation of anandamide and of the potent analgesic compound N-arachidonoylglycine. Instead, the amounts of anandamide, 2-AG and PEA were not influenced by treatment of salivary glands with dopamine, which stimulates saliva secretion. The possible biosynthetic precursors of anandamide, PEA and other NAEs were also detected in salivary glands, whereas only PEA was detected in tick saliva. These data demonstrate for the first time that the salivary glands of an obligate ectoparasite species can make endocannabinoids and/or related congeners with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, which possibly participate in the inhibition of the host defense reactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.