Mitochondrial sequences show diverse evolutionary histories of African hominoids
Mitochondrial sequences show diverse evolutionary histories of African hominoids
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.9.5077
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发表时间：
1999-04-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Woodruff, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gagneux, P;Wills, C;Woodruff, DS
基于来自1,158个独特单倍型的mtDNA控制区-1序列，提出了4种现存非洲人科动物的系统发育树。我们包括83个新的西方黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩单倍型。这个扩大的数据库，其中考虑到种内的地理变异系统发育分析，揭示了不同的物种之间的进化模式和物种水平的变化很大的异质性。几个黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩分支（甚至是单一的社会群体）保留了比整个人类物种更多的线粒体变异。在811个人类单倍型中，那些早期分支的主要是但不完全是非洲人。邻居连接树提供了强有力的证据，证明东部黑猩猩和人类分支经历了有效的人口规模减少，后者显然是因为智人-尼安德特人分裂。修剪的应用解决了系统发育树中归因于数据集中的同源性的模糊性。在今天的类人猿类群中看到的mtDNA序列变异的不同模式可能反映了生态可塑性，女性偏向的分散，在不同的时间段的范围碎片化，和社会群体之间的竞争的历史差异。这些结果与包括HIV-1在内的人畜共患疾病的起源有关，并对目前大猩猩和黑猩猩的分类学治疗和保护管理的某些方面提出了质疑。
Phylogenetic trees for the four extant species of African hominoids are presented, based on mtDNA control region-1 sequences from 1,158 unique haplotypes. We include 83 new haplotypes of western chimpanzees and bonobos. Phylogenetic analysis of this enlarged database, which takes intraspecific geographic variability into account, reveals different patterns of evolution among species and great heterogeneity in species-level variation. Several chimpanzee and bonobo clades (and even single social groups) have retained substantially more mitochondrial variation than is seen in the entire human species, Among the 811 human haplotypes, those that branch off early are predominantly but not exclusively African. Neighbor joining trees provide strong evidence that eastern chimpanzee and human clades have experienced reduced effective population sizes, the latter apparently since the Homo sapiens-neanderthalensis split. Application of topiary pruning resolves ambiguities in the phylogenetic tree that are attributable to homoplasies in the data set. The diverse patterns of mtDNA sequence variation seen in today's hominoid taxa probably reflect historical differences in ecological plasticity, female-biased dispersal, range fragmentation over differing periods of time, and competition among social groups. These results are relevant to the origin of zoonotic diseases, including HIV-1, and call into question some aspects of the current taxonomic treatment and conservation management of gorillas and chimpanzees.