Experimental Study on Cracking, Reinforcement, and Overall Stability of the Xiaowan Super-High Arch Dam
Experimental Study on Cracking, Reinforcement, and Overall Stability of the Xiaowan Super-High Arch Dam
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小湾特高拱坝裂缝、加固及整体稳定性试验研究
DOI：
10.1007/s00603-014-0593-x
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Liu, Hongyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Peng;Zhou, Weiyuan;Liu, Hongyuan
小湾超高拱坝的建设面临着严峻的挑战。为地质力学模型试验在超高拱坝非线性设计中的应用提供了科学依据。我们应用实验相似理论和技术。通过4个三维地质力学模型试验，识别并比较了大坝的应力特征、变形分布及坝基安全系数。分析了上下游坝面和坝踵诱导缝的开裂特征、坝基接触面和坝肩岩体的破坏过程。根据不同高程的三维和平面试验结果，提出了桥台软弱岩体、蚀变带和其他断层的地基加固措施。结果表明，在正常水荷载作用下，大坝变形正常，未出现屈服或拉裂现象。加固后的岩体使坝踵和坝趾的裂缝初始安全度提高了约20%。坝踵最小裂缝初始安全系数K1为1.4。坝踵中的诱导缝有助于减小上游坝踵处的拉应力，从而提高K1。与采取加固措施的同类工程相比，小湾拱坝坝肩刚度和整体稳定满足运行要求。4年来的监测运行表明，大坝附近的重点地区保持正常，大坝基础运行良好。我们的研究结果也可能适用于世界各地类似项目的设计和施工。
The Xiaowan super-high arch dam has faced challenging construction problems. Here, we provide a scientifically-based reference for applying geomechanical model testing to support the nonlinear design of super-high arch dams. We applied experimental similarity theory and techniques. Based on four 3D geomechanical model tests, the dam stress characteristics, deformation distribution, and the safety factors of the dam foundation were identified and compared. We also analyzed cracking characteristics of the up- and downstream dam surfaces and induced joints in the dam heel, the rock mass failure process of the dam-foundation interface, and the abutments. We propose foundation reinforcement measures for weak rock masses, alteration zones, and other faults in the abutments based on the 3D and plane tests each at a different elevation. The results show that all dam deformations remained normal with no yielding or tensile cracking under a normal water load. The reinforced rock mass increased the crack initial safety in the dam heel and toe by ~20 %. The minimum crack initial safety factor (K1) of the dam heel was 1.4. The induced joint in the dam heel contributed to a reduction in tensile stress at the upstream dam heel, improvingK1. Compared with similar projects following reinforcement measures, the abutment stiffness and overall stability of the Xiaowan arch dam satisfy operational requirements. Four years of monitoring operations show that key areas near the dam remained normal and the dam foundation is functioning well. Our results may also be applicable to the design and construction of similar projects worldwide.
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