The Problem of Environmental Monitoring
The Problem of Environmental Monitoring
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环境监测问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eric Biber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eric Biber
环境法有赖于定期收集有关自然环境状况的准确信息(“环境监测”)，以评估当前监管和管理政策的有效性，并制定新的改革。但是，尽管环境监测在环境法律和政策中发挥着核心作用，但学术文献几乎忽略了环境监测是否会发生以及如何有效的问题--尽管有充分的证据表明，我们目前的环境监测数据存在巨大的差距和重大缺陷。此外，随着环境监测转向适应性管理的新模式，未来环境监测的重要性只会增加，在这种模式下，管理和监管决策有目的地保持灵活性，以便今后能够根据监测进行调整。这篇文章发展了迄今被忽视的环境监测概念，解释了为什么它将主要是公共机构的一项任务，并探索了有效监测的基本特征，这些特征使其执行起来如此具有挑战性。然后，该条将有效监测的科学挑战与公共机构的动态联系起来，以确定为什么这些机构可能无法进行有效监测。最后，它提出了可能的解决办法，重点是发展单独的监测机构。
Environmental law depends on the regular collection of accurate information about the state of the natural environment (“ambient monitoring”) in order to assess the effectiveness of current regulatory and management policies and to develop new reforms. But despite the central role that ambient monitoring plays in environmental law and policy, the scholarly literature has almost ignored the question of whether and how effective ambient monitoring will take place – even though there is ample evidence that our current ambient monitoring data has extensive gaps and significant flaws. Moreover, the importance of ambient monitoring will only increase in the future with the shift to the new paradigm of adaptive management, in which, management and regulatory decisionmaking is kept purposefully flexible in order to allow for future adjustment based on monitoring. This Article develops the hitherto ignored concept of ambient monitoring, explains why it will predominantly be a task for public agencies, and explores the fundamental characteristics of effective monitoring that make it so challenging to perform. The Article then connects the scientific challenges of effective monitoring to the dynamics of public agencies to establish why those agencies might fail to conduct effective monitoring. Finally, it proposes possible solutions, with a focus on developing separate monitoring agencies.