College Students' Norm Perception Predicts Reported Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies for Alcohol Consumption
College Students' Norm Perception Predicts Reported Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies for Alcohol Consumption
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2008.69.859
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Benton, Sherry A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton, Stephen L.;Downey, Ronald G.;Benton, Sherry A.
目的：本研究检验了大学生对保护性行为饮酒策略的描述性规范认知是否可以解释此类策略使用的差异，并控制了学生性别、典型饮酒次数和负面饮酒后果的协变量。方法：推导（n = 7,960；55.2% 女性）和复制（n = 8,534；54.5% 女性）本科生样本在课堂环境中完成校园酒精调查。学生们估计其他学生使用九种保护性行为策略 (PBS) 中每种策略的频率以及他们自己使用每种策略的频率。结果：所有评估 PBS 常模感知 (NPPBS) 的项目在单个因素上的模式矩阵系数都超过 0.50，并且都对总体量表可靠性做出了贡献（Cronbach's alpha = 0.81）。分层回归分析表明，在控制协变量的情况下，NPPBS 解释了 PBS 中的显着方差，并解释了额外 7% 的方差 (p < .001)。性别 x 量表 (PBS、NPPBS) 重复测量方差分析显示，学生认为同龄人使用 PBS 的频率低于他们自己 (eta(2)(p) = .091，p < .001）。女性的这种社交距离更大 (omega(2)（效果）= .151，p < .001）比男性更大（omega(2)（效果）= .001，p < .001）。结论：与虚假独特性原则（个人将自己的积极特征视为罕见）相一致，大学生（尤其是女性）低估了其他学生使用 PBS 的频率。这种对规范的误解可能会增强学生的能力感和自尊感。 NPPBS 和 PBS 之间的正相关关系表明 NPPBS 高的学生更有可能自己使用这些策略。 （酒精药物研究杂志 69：859-865，2008 年）
Objective: This study examined whether college students' descriptive norm perceptions of protective behavioral drinking strategies explain variance in use of such strategies, controlling for covariates of students' gender, typical number of drinks, and negative drinking consequences. Method: Derivation (n = 7,960; 55.2% women) and replication (n = 8,534; 54.5% women) samples of undergraduate students completed the Campus Alcohol Survey in classroom settings. Students estimated how frequently other students used each of nine protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and how frequently they themselves used each strategy. Results: All items assessing norm perception of PBS (NPPBS) had pattern matrix coefficients exceeding .50 on a single factor, and all contributed to the overall scale reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .81). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated NPPBS explained significant variance in PBS, controlling for covariates, and explained an additional 7% of variance (p < .001). A Gender x Scale (PBS, NPPBS) repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed students believed peers used PBS less frequently than they themselves did (eta(2)(p) = .091, p < .001). Such social distancing was greater in women (omega(2)(effect) = .151, p < .001) than in men (omega(2)(effect) = .001, p < .001). Conclusions: Consistent with the principle of false uniqueness, whereby individuals regard their own positive characteristics as rare, college students-especially women-underestimate how frequently other students use PBS. Such norm misperception may enhance students' feelings of competence and self-esteem. The positive relationship between NPPBS and PBS indicates students with high NPPBS are more likely to use the strategies themselves. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 69: 859-865, 2008)