Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in soils from the East Antarctic coast.
Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in soils from the East Antarctic coast.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/b300555k
复制
发表时间：
2003-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Negoita;A. Covaci;A. Gheorghe;P. Schepens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Negoita;A. Covaci;A. Gheorghe;P. Schepens
从俄罗斯5个考察站采集的南极东海岸11个土壤样品和1个地衣样品中，测定了六氯苯、六氯环己烷的α、β和γ异构体、滴滴涕的6种o，p '-和p，p'-异构体以及28种多氯联苯同系物的浓度。对于多氯联苯（0.20-0.41纳克/克（干重））和农药（六氯环己烷和滴滴涕的浓度分别为0.86-4.69纳克/克（干重）和0.11-1.22纳克/克（干重））浓度较低的样本，来自非洲、南美洲或澳大利亚的大气远距离迁移被认为是唯一的污染源。多氯联苯同源物的分布主要是挥发性较大的三、四和五多氯联苯同源物，因此支持远距离迁移假设。四个样本含有中等水平的多氯联苯（干重1.98-6.94纳克/克）和不同浓度的农药（γ-六氯环己烷、p，p '-滴滴涕和o，p'-滴滴涕是主要污染物）。对于含有高浓度多氯联苯（范围为90.26-157.45纳克/克）和高浓度农药的样本，高分子量多氯联苯同系物的存在，如：153、180、187、170等，强烈表明多氯联苯的本地（生物）来源，而不是大气迁移。在局部范围内，由于鸟类活动（筑巢和排泄物），污染物的生物聚集可能会造成高污染水平，并且比通过非生物途径输入的污染物更为严重。
Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, 6 o,p'-and p,p'-isomers of DDT and 28 PCB congeners have been measured in eleven soil samples and one lichen collected on the Eastern coast of Antarctica from 5 Russian stations. For samples with low concentrations of PCBs (range 0.20-0.41 ng g(-1) dry weight) and pesticides (0.86-4.69 ng g(-1) and 0.11-1.22 ng g(-1) dry weight for HCHs and DDTs, respectively), atmospheric long-range transport from Africa, South America or Australia was suggested as the sole source of contamination. The profile of PCB congeners was dominated by the more volatile tri-, tetra- and penta-PCBs congeners, thus supporting long-range transport hypothesis. Four samples contained moderate levels of PCBs (range 1.98-6.94 ng g(-1) dry weight) and variable concentrations of pesticides (gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT being the main contaminants). For samples with high concentrations of PCBs (range 90.26-157.45 ng g(-1)) and high concentrations of pesticides, the presence of high molecular weight PCB congeners such as: 153, 180, 187, 170 etc, strongly suggest a local source (biotic) of PCBs rather than atmospheric transport. It is likely that on a local scale, biotic focussing of pollutants, due to bird activities (nesting and excrement) can cause high contamination levels and become more significant than contaminant input via abiotic pathways.