Long-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250
Long-term multi-wavelength study of 1ES 0647+250
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DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/202244477
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Acciari;T. Aniello;S. Ansoldi;L. A. Antonelli;A. A. Engels-A.;C. Arcaro;M. Artero;K. Asano;D. Baack;A. Babi'c;A. Baquero;U. D. Almeida;J. Barrio;I. Batkovi'c;J. B. Gonz'alez;W. Bednarek;E. Bernardini;M. Bernardos;A. Berti;J. Besenrieder;W. Bhattacharyya;C. Bigongiari;A. Biland;O. Blanch;H. Bokenkamp;G. Bonnoli;vZ. Bovsnjak;I. Burelli;G. Busetto;R. Carosi;M. Carretero-Castrillo;G. Ceribella;Y. Chai;A. Chilingarian;S. Cikota;E. Colombo;J. Contreras;J. Cortina;S. Covino;Giacomo D’Amico;V. D’Elia;P. D. Vela;F. Dazzi;A. Angelis;B. Lotto;A. Popolo;M. Delfino;J. Delgado;C. Mendez;D. Depaoli;F. D. Pierro;L. Venere;E. Espineira;D. D. Prester-D.;A. Donini;D. Dorner;M. Doro;D. Elsaesser;G. Emery;V. Ramazani;L. Fariña;A. Fattorini;L. Font;C. Fruck;S. Fukami;Y. Fukazawa;R. L'opez;M. Garczarczyk;S. Gasparyan;M. Gaug;J. Paiva;N. Giglietto;F. Giordano;P. Gliwny;N. Godinovi'c;J. Green;D. Green;D. Hadasch;A. Hahn;T. Hassan;L. Heckmann;J. Herrera;D. Hrupec;M. Hutten;T. Inada;R. Iotov;K. Ishio;Y. Iwamura;I. Mart'inez;J. Jormanainen;D. Kerszberg;Y. Kobayashi;H. Kubo;J. Kushida;A. Lamastra;D. Lelas;F. Leone;E. Lindfors;L. Linhoff;S. Lombardi;F. Longo;R. L'opez-Coto;M. L'opez-Moya;A. L'opez-Oramas;S. Loporchio;A. Lorini;E. Lyard;B. Fraga;P. Majumdar;M. Makariev;G. Maneva;M. Manganaro;S. Mangano;K. Mannheim;M. Mariotti;M. Mart'inez;A. Aguilar;D. Mazin;S. Menchiari;S. Mender;S. Mi'canovi'c;D. Miceli;T. Miener;J. Miranda;R. Mirzoyan;E. Molina;H. Mondal;A. Moralejo;D. Morcuende;V. Moreno;T. Nakamori;C. Nanci;L. Nava;V. Neustroev;M. N. Rosillo;C. Nigro;K. Nilsson;K. Nishijima;T. Ekoume;K. Noda;S. Nozaki;Y. Ohtani;T. Oka;J. Otero-Santos;S. Paiano;M. Palatiello;D. Paneque;R. Paoletti;J. Paredes;L. Pavleti'c;M. Persic;M. Pihet;F. Podobnik;P. Moroni;E. Prandini;G. Principe;C. Priyadarshi;I. Puljak;W. Rhode;M. Rib'o;J. Rico;C. Righi;A. Rugliancich;N. Sahakyan;T. Saito;S. Sakurai;K. Satalecka;F. G. Saturni;B. Schleicher;K. Schmidt;F. Schmuckermaier;J. Schubert;T. Schweizer;J. Sitarek;V. Sliusar;D. Sobczynska;A. Spolon;A. Stamerra;J. Strivskovi'c;D. Strom;M. Strzys;Y. Suda;T. Suri'c;M. Takahashi;R. Takeishi;F. Tavecchio;P. Temnikov;T. Terzi'c;M. Teshima;L. Tosti;S. Truzzi;A. Tutone;S. Ubach;J. Scherpenberg;G. Vanzo;M. V. Acosta;S. Ventura;V. Verguilov;I. Viale;C. Vigorito;V. Vitale;I. Vovk;R. Walter;M. Will;C. Wunderlich;T. Yamamoto;D. Zari'c;J. Acosta-Pulido;F. D’Ammando;T. Hovatta;S. Kiehlmann;I. Liodakis;C. Leto;W. Max-Moerbeck;L. Pacciani;M. Perri;A. Readhead;R. Reeves;F. Verrecchia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Acciari;T. Aniello;S. Ansoldi;L. A. Antonelli;A. A. Engels-A.;C. Arcaro;M. Artero;K. Asano;D. Baack;A. Babi'c;A. Baquero;U. D. Almeida;J. Barrio;I. Batkovi'c;J. B. Gonz'alez;W. Bednarek;E. Bernardini;M. Bernardos;A. Berti;J. Besenrieder;W. Bhattacharyya;C. Bigongiari;A. Biland;O. Blanch;H. Bokenkamp;G. Bonnoli;vZ. Bovsnjak;I. Burelli;G. Busetto;R. Carosi;M. Carretero-Castrillo;G. Ceribella;Y. Chai;A. Chilingarian;S. Cikota;E. Colombo;J. Contreras;J. Cortina;S. Covino;Giacomo D’Amico;V. D’Elia;P. D. Vela;F. Dazzi;A. Angelis;B. Lotto;A. Popolo;M. Delfino;J. Delgado;C. Mendez;D. Depaoli;F. D. Pierro;L. Venere;E. Espineira;D. D. Prester-D.;A. Donini;D. Dorner;M. Doro;D. Elsaesser;G. Emery;V. Ramazani;L. Fariña;A. Fattorini;L. Font;C. Fruck;S. Fukami;Y. Fukazawa;R. L'opez;M. Garczarczyk;S. Gasparyan;M. Gaug;J. Paiva;N. Giglietto;F. Giordano;P. Gliwny;N. Godinovi'c;J. Green;D. Green;D. Hadasch;A. Hahn;T. Hassan;L. Heckmann;J. Herrera;D. Hrupec;M. Hutten;T. Inada;R. Iotov;K. Ishio;Y. Iwamura;I. Mart'inez;J. Jormanainen;D. Kerszberg;Y. Kobayashi;H. Kubo;J. Kushida;A. Lamastra;D. Lelas;F. Leone;E. Lindfors;L. Linhoff;S. Lombardi;F. Longo;R. L'opez-Coto;M. L'opez-Moya;A. L'opez-Oramas;S. Loporchio;A. Lorini;E. Lyard;B. Fraga;P. Majumdar;M. Makariev;G. Maneva;M. Manganaro;S. Mangano;K. Mannheim;M. Mariotti;M. Mart'inez;A. Aguilar;D. Mazin;S. Menchiari;S. Mender;S. Mi'canovi'c;D. Miceli;T. Miener;J. Miranda;R. Mirzoyan;E. Molina;H. Mondal;A. Moralejo;D. Morcuende;V. Moreno;T. Nakamori;C. Nanci;L. Nava;V. Neustroev;M. N. Rosillo;C. Nigro;K. Nilsson;K. Nishijima;T. Ekoume;K. Noda;S. Nozaki;Y. Ohtani;T. Oka;J. Otero-Santos;S. Paiano;M. Palatiello;D. Paneque;R. Paoletti;J. Paredes;L. Pavleti'c;M. Persic;M. Pihet;F. Podobnik;P. Moroni;E. Prandini;G. Principe;C. Priyadarshi;I. Puljak;W. Rhode;M. Rib'o;J. Rico;C. Righi;A. Rugliancich;N. Sahakyan;T. Saito;S. Sakurai;K. Satalecka;F. G. Saturni;B. Schleicher;K. Schmidt;F. Schmuckermaier;J. Schubert;T. Schweizer;J. Sitarek;V. Sliusar;D. Sobczynska;A. Spolon;A. Stamerra;J. Strivskovi'c;D. Strom;M. Strzys;Y. Suda;T. Suri'c;M. Takahashi;R. Takeishi;F. Tavecchio;P. Temnikov;T. Terzi'c;M. Teshima;L. Tosti;S. Truzzi;A. Tutone;S. Ubach;J. Scherpenberg;G. Vanzo;M. V. Acosta;S. Ventura;V. Verguilov;I. Viale;C. Vigorito;V. Vitale;I. Vovk;R. Walter;M. Will;C. Wunderlich;T. Yamamoto;D. Zari'c;J. Acosta-Pulido;F. D’Ammando;T. Hovatta;S. Kiehlmann;I. Liodakis;C. Leto;W. Max-Moerbeck;L. Pacciani;M. Perri;A. Readhead;R. Reeves;F. Verrecchia
耀变体1ES 0647 + 250是在非耀发状态下于甚高能（VHE，≥100 GeV）被探测到的少数遥远的伽马射线发射耀变体之一。在2009 - 2011年其低活动期间，以及2014年、2019年和2020年的三次耀发活动期间，它被MAGIC望远镜探测到，且在最后一个时期具有最高的甚高能通量。在这些年的几次协同观测活动中收集了大量的多仪器数据集。我们的目的是描述1ES 0647 + 250的长期多波段通量变化，以及它在四个不同时期选定的四种不同活动状态下的宽频带光谱能量分布（SED），以便在某些假设下约束耀变体发射区域的物理参数。我们用分数可变性和Z变换离散相关函数评估不同能量波段发射的可变性和相关性，以及它在X射线和伽马射线中的光谱演化。由于文献中报道的1ES 0647 + 250的红移测量存在争议，我们还通过比较在迄今为止探测到的最强耀发活动期间费米大视场望远镜（Fermi - LAT）和MAGIC同时观测的GeV和TeV光谱，以间接方式估计它的距离。此外，我们在单成分和双成分轻子模型的框架内解释来自四种不同活动状态的SED，提出能够重现现有多仪器数据的具体情景。
The BL Lac object 1ES 0647+250 is one of the few distant $\gamma$-ray emitting blazars detected at very high energies (VHE, $\gtrsim$100 GeV) during a non-flaring state. It was detected with the MAGIC telescopes during its low activity in the years 2009-2011, as well as during three flaring activities in the years 2014, 2019 and 2020, with the highest VHE flux in the latter epoch. An extensive multi-instrument data set was collected within several coordinated observing campaigns throughout these years. We aim to characterise the long-term multi-band flux variability of 1ES 0647+250, as well as its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during four distinct activity states selected in four different epochs, in order to constrain the physical parameters of the blazar emission region under certain assumptions. We evaluate the variability and correlation of the emission in the different energy bands with the fractional variability and the Z-transformed Discrete Correlation Function, as well as its spectral evolution in X-rays and $\gamma$ rays. Owing to the controversy in the redshift measurements of 1ES 0647+250 reported in the literature, we also estimate its distance in an indirect manner through the comparison of the GeV and TeV spectra from simultaneous observations with Fermi-LAT and MAGIC during the strongest flaring activity detected to date. Moreover, we interpret the SEDs from the four distinct activity states within the framework of one-component and two-component leptonic models, proposing specific scenarios that are able to reproduce the available multi-instrument data.