Clustered miRNAs and their role in biological functions and diseases
Clustered miRNAs and their role in biological functions and diseases
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/brv.12428
复制
发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kabekkodu, Shama P.;Shukla, Vaibhav;Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu
微小RNA（miRNA）是一种内源性小非编码RNA，已知可调节蛋白质编码基因的表达。大部分miRNA是高度保守的，在基因组中定位为簇，从物理上相邻的miRNA一起转录，并显示出相似的表达谱。由于单个miRNA可以靶向多个基因，而miRNA簇包含多个miRNA，因此了解它们的调控、作用和各种生物学功能非常重要。与蛋白质编码基因一样，miRNA簇也受到遗传和表观遗传事件的调控。这些簇可以潜在地调节细胞功能的各个方面，包括生长、增殖、分化、发育、代谢、感染、免疫、细胞死亡、细胞器生物发生、信使信号传导、DNA修复和自我更新等。导致生物学功能改变的miRNA簇的失调是许多疾病（包括癌发生）的发病机制的关键。本文综述了miRNA簇的研究进展，并讨论了其在病理状态下的调控和生物学功能。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs known to regulate expression of protein-coding genes. A large proportion of miRNAs are highly conserved, localized as clusters in the genome, transcribed together from physically adjacent miRNAs and show similar expression profiles. Since a single miRNA can target multiple genes and miRNA clusters contain multiple miRNAs, it is important to understand their regulation, effects and various biological functions. Like protein-coding genes, miRNA clusters are also regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. These clusters can potentially regulate every aspect of cellular function including growth, proliferation, differentiation, development, metabolism, infection, immunity, cell death, organellar biogenesis, messenger signalling, DNA repair and self-renewal, among others. Dysregulation of miRNA clusters leading to altered biological functions is key to the pathogenesis of many diseases including carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in miRNA cluster research and discuss their regulation and biological functions in pathological conditions.