The significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as environmental carcinogens
The significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as environmental carcinogens
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DOI：
10.1351/pac199668020301
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Jacob, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacob, J
体内和体外实验表明，各种多环芳烃是强效诱变剂和/或致癌物。职业和流行病学研究表明，它们也必须被视为对人类的危害。由于它们是在各种不完全燃烧过程中形成的，它们广泛存在于环境中。平衡环境污染基质的致癌作用，在分离成不含多环芳烃和含多环芳烃的组分后，通过动物试验系统（皮肤涂色、肺植入）得到证据，含3环以上的多环芳烃是迄今为止这些基质中最相关的致癌成分。与苯并[a]芘相比，多环芳烃的相对效力允许对它们进行排序，并产生一般适用于风险评估的效率当量。由于多环芳烃在表现出致癌作用之前需要生化激活，因此各种酶的平衡在体内生物终点中起着关键作用。哺乳动物体内形成了复杂的代谢物模式，其组成被发现是依赖于物种的。因此，从一个物种到另一个物种的推断是有限的，对实验啮齿动物数据的评估必须重新考虑其有效性。
In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are potent mutagens and/or carcinogens. Occupational and epidemiological studies suggest that they also have to be considered as hazards for humans. Due to their formation during all kind of incomplete combustions they are widespread to the environment.Balancing the carcinogenic effect of environmentally polluted matrices, after separation into PAH-free and PAH-containing fractions, by animal test systems (skin painting, lung implantation) evidence has been obtained that PAH containing more than 3 rings are by far the most relevant carcinogenic constituents in these matrices. The relative potencies of PAH in comparison to benzo[a]pyrene allow their ranking and result in efficiency equivalents generally applicable for risk assessment.Since PAH require biochemical activation prior to exhibiting carcinogenic effects the balance of various enzymes plays a key role in biological endpoints in vivo. Complex patterns of metabolites are formed in the mammalian organism the composition of which were found to be species-dependent. Hence, extrapolations from one species to another are limited and evaluations on experimental rodent data have to be reconsidered for their validity.