A new compact cryogenic air sampler and its application in stratospheric greenhouse gas observation at Syowa Station, Antarctica
A new compact cryogenic air sampler and its application in stratospheric greenhouse gas observation at Syowa Station, Antarctica
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新型紧凑型低温空气采样器及其在南极昭和站平流层温室气体观测中的应用
DOI：
10.1175/2009jtecha1283.1
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morimoto;S.;Yamanouchi;T.
为了收集用于温室气体测量的平流层空气样本，一种紧凑的低温空气采样器已经开发出来，它使用一种称为焦耳-汤姆逊（J-T）微型冷却器的冷却装置。J-T型微型制冷机可将液氮预冷的高压氖气在5 s内产生液化氖气。取样器采用液态氖作为制冷剂，使取样的大气成分凝固或液化。室内实验表明，该采样器在240 s内可分别在25 hPa和120 hPa处收集约3和7 L STP以上的空气，分别对应于离地面约25 km和15 km。新的气球载采样系统是为南极实验而设置的，由紧凑的采样器、一个2升高压氖气瓶、气动和电磁阀、一个带有GPS接收器的控制器、一个遥测发射机和电池组成。采样系统的尺寸为300mm宽× 300mm深× 950 mm高，重量约为22kg（含液氮）。2008年1月，在南极洲Syowa站（南纬69.0°，东经39.5°）使用1000或2000立方米的塑料气球发射了两个紧凑的采样系统（配置用于在海拔18和25公里处采样）。他们成功发射，并在发射当天在海冰上没有任何问题。收集的平流层空气样本显示南极地区平流层温室气体的浓度合理。
To collect stratospheric air samples for greenhouse gas measurements, a compact cryogenic air sampler has been developed using a cooling device called the Joule–Thomson (J–T) minicooler. The J–T minicooler can produce liquefied neon within 5 s from high pressure neon gas precooled by liquid nitrogen. The sampler employs liquid neon as a refrigerant to solidify or liquefy sampled atmospheric constituents. Laboratory experiments showed that the sampler is capable of collecting about 3 and more than 7 L STP of air at 25 and 120 hPa, respectively, which corresponds to about 25 and 15 km above ground within 240 s, respectively. The new balloon-borne sampling system, which was set up for Antarctic experiments, consists of the compact sampler, a 2-L high pressure neon gas cylinder, pneumatic and solenoid valves, a controller with a GPS receiver, a telemetry transmitter, and batteries. The size of the sampling system is 300 mm width × 300 mm depth × 950 mm height and it weighs about 22 kg (including liquid nitrogen). Two of these compact sampling systems (configured for sampling at altitudes 18 and 25 km) were launched from Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.5°E), Antarctica, in January 2008 using 1000 or 2000 m3plastic balloons. They were launched successfully and recovered without any problem on sea ice on the same day as their launch. The collected stratospheric air samples showed reasonable concentrations of the stratospheric greenhouse gases over the Antarctic region.