Gendered survival differentials of adopted children in northeast Japan, 1716-1870
Gendered survival differentials of adopted children in northeast Japan, 1716-1870
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DOI：
10.1080/1081602x.2021.1961095
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发表时间：
2021-08-08
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Kurosu，Satomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong，Hao;Kurosu，Satomi
收养是日本近代早期家庭得以运作和延续的重要策略。这项研究是第一次系统地研究是否收养和非收养儿童之间的生存机会不同，以及性别如何调节历史上日本的生存差异。我们利用了1716 - 1870年间东北乡镇当地户籍的个人水平面板数据，包括10，587名1-14岁儿童的71，677个年度观察，其中384人被收养。我们的事件历史分析考虑了丰富的家庭特征和当地经济背景。我们还采用匹配和家庭内比较的方法来解释收养和非收养儿童之间的记录的不平等的性别和年龄分布以及家庭之间未观察到的系统性差异。我们发现收养和非收养儿童之间的生存差异很大，这进一步因性别而异。与未被收养的同性儿童相比，被收养的男孩享有生存优势，而被收养的女孩则面临更高的死亡风险。此外，被收养儿童的性别生存差异在5-9岁儿童中特别明显，而在更大年龄段则不明显。按照父权制的规范，这些研究结果意味着潜在的不同的家庭期望男孩和女孩收养在塑造儿童生存的差异。
Adoption was an important strategy for early-modern Japanese families to function and continue. This study is the first to systematically examine whether survival chances differ between adopted and non-adopted children and how gender moderates the survival differentials in historical Japan. We take advantage of individual-level panel data drawn from local household registers in northeast villages and towns between 1716 and 1870 consisting of 71,677 annual observations of 10,587 children aged 1–14, of whom 384 were adopted. Our event-history analysis takes a rich set of household characteristics and local economic context into account. We also apply matching and within-family comparison approaches to account for the unequal sex and age distribution of records between adopted and non-adopted children and unobserved systematic differences between households. We find substantial survival differentials between adopted and non-adopted children, which further vary by sex. Compared with non-adopted children of the same gender, adopted boys enjoyed survival advantages, while adopted girls suffered from elevated mortality risks. Moreover, the gendered survival differentials of adopted children were particularly apparent among those aged 5–9 rather than at older ages. In line with the patriarchal norms, these findings imply potentially different familial expectations for boy and girl adoptions in shaping child survival differentials.