Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea
Responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving at the Horns Rev II offshore wind farm in the Danish North Sea
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DOI：
10.3354/meps08888
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Nehls, Georg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brandt, Miriam J.;Diederichs, Ansgar;Nehls, Georg
海上风电场建设过程中的打桩会产生大量噪音，可能会伤害附近的海洋哺乳动物，并可能造成大规模干扰。有关此类骚乱规模的信息有限。因此，评估和评估海上施工对海洋哺乳动物的影响是困难的。 2008 年夏季，在丹麦北海的 Horns Rev II 海上风电场建设过程中，91 个单桩基础被打入海床。我们使用梯度采样设计中部署的被动声学监测设备 (T-POD) 研究了港湾鼠海豚 (Phocoena phocoena) 对建筑噪音的行为反应的空间和时间尺度。打桩后 1 小时内，海豚声活动降低了 100%，并在距离施工现场 2.6 公里处的 24 至 72 小时内保持在正常水平以下。随着距离的增加，这个周期逐渐缩短。平均距离为 17.8 公里，可检测到负面影响。 22公里处不再明显，相反，江豚活动暂时增加。在 4.7 公里的距离内，恢复时间比大多数打桩比赛之间的暂停时间都要长。因此，在整个 5 个月的施工期间，江豚的活动和可能的数量都减少了。港湾鼠海豚对打桩的行为反应比之前报道的持续时间要长得多。在规划未来风电场建设时应考虑此信息。
Pile driving during offshore windfarm construction goes along with considerable noise emissions that potentially harm marine mammals in the vicinity and may cause large scale disturbances. Information on the scale of such disturbances is limited. Therefore, assessment and evaluation of the effects of offshore construction on marine mammals is difficult. During summer 2008, 91 monopile foundations were driven into the seabed during construction of the offshore wind farm Horns Rev II in the Danish North Sea. We investigated the spatial and temporal scale of behavioural responses of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena to construction noise using passive acoustic monitoring devices (T-PODs) deployed in a gradient sampling design. Porpoise acoustic activity was reduced by 100% during 1 h after pile driving and stayed below normal levels for 24 to 72 h at a distance of 2.6 km from the construction site. This period gradually decreased with increasing distance. A negative effect was detectable out to a mean distance of 17.8 km. At 22 km it was no longer apparent, instead, porpoise activity temporarily increased. Out to a distance of 4.7 km, the recovery time was longer than most pauses between pile driving events. Consequently, porpoise activity and possibly abundance were reduced over the entire 5 mo construction period. The behavioural response of harbour porpoises to pile driving lasted much longer than previously reported. This information should be considered when planning future wind farm construction.