Manipulation of starch bioaccessibility in wheat endosperm to regulate starch digestion, postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gut hormone responses: a randomized controlled trial in healthy ileostomy participants.
Manipulation of starch bioaccessibility in wheat endosperm to regulate starch digestion, postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and gut hormone responses: a randomized controlled trial in healthy ileostomy participants.
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.114.106203
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ellis PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edwards CH;Grundy MM;Grassby T;Vasilopoulou D;Frost GS;Butterworth PJ;Berry SE;Sanderson J;Ellis PR
背景资料：谷类作物，特别是小麦，是淀粉的主要膳食来源，淀粉的生物可及性对餐后消化有影响。植物性食品的结构和性质是影响营养素生物可利用性的关键因素，但谷类食品在消化过程中的物理和生化分解尚未得到广泛研究。目的：本研究的目的是比较由具有不同淀粉生物可及性程度的小麦胚乳制备的2种粥粉对餐后代谢的影响（例如，并深入了解试验餐在胃肠转运过程中的结构和生化分解。设计图：在9名健康回肠造口受试者中进行了一项随机交叉试验，旨在比较55 g淀粉（粗粒（2 mm颗粒）或光滑（<0.2 mm颗粒）小麦粥）对餐后血糖、胰岛素、C肽、脂质和肠道激素变化以及回肠流出物中抗性淀粉（RS）含量的影响。用显微镜检查回肠输出物中未消化的食物，以鉴定细胞壁和包囊淀粉。结果：血糖、胰岛素、C肽和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽浓度显著降低（即，120 min AUC增量分别降低33%、43%、40%和50%（P < 0.01）。在体外，粗粥中的淀粉消化比细粥中的慢（90 min时淀粉消化少33%，P < 0.05，配对t检验）。在活体条件下，小麦胚乳粗颗粒（直径约1.2 mm）的结构完整性在胃肠运输过程中得以保留。显微镜检查显示淀粉从外围向颗粒核心逐渐损失。测试餐的结构没有影响的RS输出的数量或模式。结论：小麦胚乳的结构完整性在很大程度上保留在胃肠道消化过程中，并在影响淀粉淀粉分解率，从而影响餐后代谢的主要作用。本试验在isrctn.org上注册为ISRCTN40517475。
Background: Cereal crops, particularly wheat, are a major dietary source of starch, and the bioaccessibility of starch has implications for postprandial glycemia. The structure and properties of plant foods have been identified as critical factors in influencing nutrient bioaccessibility; however, the physical and biochemical disassembly of cereal food during digestion has not been widely studied. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the effects of 2 porridge meals prepared from wheat endosperm with different degrees of starch bioaccessibility on postprandial metabolism (e.g., glycemia) and to gain insight into the structural and biochemical breakdown of the test meals during gastroileal transit. Design: A randomized crossover trial in 9 healthy ileostomy participants was designed to compare the effects of 55 g starch, provided as coarse (2-mm particles) or smooth (<0.2-mm particles) wheat porridge, on postprandial changes in blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids, and gut hormones and on the resistant starch (RS) content of ileal effluent. Undigested food in the ileal output was examined microscopically to identify cell walls and encapsulated starch. Results: Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations were significantly lower (i.e., 33%, 43%, 40%, and 50% lower 120-min incremental AUC, respectively) after consumption of the coarse porridge than after the smooth porridge (P < 0.01). In vitro, starch digestion was slower in the coarse porridge than in the smooth porridge (33% less starch digested at 90 min, P < 0.05, paired t test). In vivo, the structural integrity of coarse particles (∼2 mm) of wheat endosperm was retained during gastroileal transit. Microscopic examination revealed a progressive loss of starch from the periphery toward the particle core. The structure of the test meal had no effect on the amount or pattern of RS output. Conclusion: The structural integrity of wheat endosperm is largely retained during gastroileal digestion and has a primary role in influencing the rate of starch amylolysis and, consequently, postprandial metabolism. This trial was registered at isrctn.org as ISRCTN40517475.