Reproductive control in apartheid South Africa
Reproductive control in apartheid South Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/713779059
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kaufman, CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufman, CE
自1974年实施以来，南非的计划生育方案一直被广泛认为与白色人对黑人人数不断增加的恐惧有关。该方案一再被批评者攻击为社会和政治控制方案。然而，尽管环境不利，黑人妇女使用服务的人数稳步增加。利用历史和人类学证据，本文描绘了种族统治和个人生育行为的社会和政治背景之间的联系。有人认为，计划生育方案在数量上取得成功的根源在于社会和经济的变化，这种变化制约着生育权力和生育决策。国家的种族隔离和流入控制政策，民族“家园”政治，以及男性劳动力迁移改变了黑人妇女和男子的机会和限制，并改变了当地和家庭对生育的期望。妇女越来越多地发现自己处于不稳定的社会和经济环境中，因此开始管理自己的生育能力。
Since its inception in 1974, the South African family planning programme has been widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers The programme has been repeatedly attacked by detractors as a programme of social and political control. Yet, in spite of the hostile environment, black women's use of services has steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the social and political context of racial domination and individual fertility behaviour. It is argued that the quantitative success of the family planning programme is rooted in social and economic shifts conditioning reproductive authority and fertility decision-making. State policies of racial segregation and influx control, ethnic 'homeland' politics, and labour migration of men transformed opportunities and constraints for black women and men, and altered local and household expectations of childbearing. Women came to manage their own fertility as they increasingly found themselves in precarious social and economic circumstances.