The Importance of Groundwater in Critical Zone Science
The Importance of Groundwater in Critical Zone Science
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DOI：
10.1111/gwat.13143
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
K. Singha;A. Navarre‐Sitchler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Singha;A. Navarre‐Sitchler
临界区(CZ)--从树梢到地下水--是地球系统中越来越受到研究的部分，科学家们在这里研究水、空气、岩石、土壤和生命之间的相互作用。在这一综合系统中，地下水既是一个边界，也是一个基本储藏，但往往没有得到很好的考虑，部分原因是很难接触到地下水，而且相对于系统的其他部分，地下水的移动速度很慢。在这里，我们描述了地下水水文学对CZ科学具有基础重要性的一些基本领域，包括维持径流和植被，与矿物反应产生溶解的溶质和风化层，以及影响陆地-大气界面的能量通量。由于降水的时间和类型随气候变化，地下水作为植物和径流的可持续水源，可能在CZ过程中发挥更重要的作用。关于CZ过程对地下水的作用，也存在许多悬而未决的问题。需要许多数据流，对量化CZ对地下水的综合反应很重要，反之亦然，但由于资金有限，长期数据记录往往不完整或中断。我们认为，涉及地下水的过程的长期时间尺度需要超出典型的联邦资金时间跨度的数据收集工作。维持监测网络和开发旨在测试与缓慢移动的地下水控制的CZ过程相关的假说的新网络应该是科学上的优先事项，这里我们概述了一些开放的问题，我们希望这些问题将激励地下水科学家参与CZ科学。
The critical zone (CZ)—from treetops to groundwater—is an increasingly studied part of the earth system, where scientists study interactions between water, air, rock, soil, and life. Groundwater is both a boundary and an essential store in this integrated system, but is often not well considered in part because of the difficulty in accessing it and its slow movement relative to other parts of the system. Here, we describe some fundamental areas where groundwater hydrology is of fundamental importance to CZ science, including sustaining streamflow and vegetation, reacting with minerals to produce dissolved solutes and regolith, and influencing energy fluxes across the land‐atmosphere interface. As the timing and type of precipitation change with climate, groundwater may play an even more important role in CZ processes as a sustainable water source for plants and streamflow. Many open questions also exist about the role of CZ processes on groundwater. Many data streams are needed and important to quantifying the integrated response of the CZ to groundwater and vice versa, but long‐term data records are often incomplete or discontinued due to limited funding. We argue that the long timescales of processes that involve groundwater necessitate data collection efforts beyond typical federal funding timespans. Sustaining monitoring networks and developing new ones aimed at testing hypotheses related to slow‐moving, groundwater‐controlled CZ processes should be a scientific priority, and here we outline some open questions that we hope will motivate groundwater scientists to get involved in CZ science.