Exposing avian embryos to light affects post-hatch anti-predator fear responses
Exposing avian embryos to light affects post-hatch anti-predator fear responses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2016.10.014
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mench, Joy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Archer, Gregory S.;Mench, Joy A.
孵化期间存在的环境刺激可以影响孵化后鸟类的行为。为了确定暴露于光下的肉鸡胚胎对孵化后恐惧相关行为的影响，我们进行了两个实验，其中我们在不同的光照时间表下孵育鸡蛋，然后测量鸡（N = 720）3-6周龄时的恐惧反应。在Expt. 1，孵育光周期为0 L：24 D，12 L：12 D和24 L：0 D，并进行强直性不动（TI）和倒置（INV）试验。在Expt. 2、孵化光周期分别为0 L：24 D、1 L：23 D、6L：18 D和12 L：12 D，除TI和INV外，还进行了接近试验（APPR）和羽化试验（EMRG）。在Expt. 1，12 L：12 D和24 L：0 D在TI期间（分别为213.5 +/- 23.7和231.8 +/- 24.2 s）比0 L：24 D（305.5 +/- 26.1 s）更短，并且在INV期间（12 L：12 D 5.0 +/- 0.1机翼襟翼; 24 L：OD 5.4 +/- 0.2）比0 L：24 D（5.7 +/- 0.1）机翼襟翼更不强烈。在Expt. 2，12 L：12 D的鸟再次在TI期间（120.0 +/- 16.5 s）具有较短的向右的横向距离，并且在INV期间（4.7 +/- 0.1翼襟翼）比0 L：24 D期间（分别为201.4 +/- 24.9和5.5 +/- 0.1）更不强烈地拍打翅膀。在EMRG中，他们离开黑匣子的时间也较短（28.9 s），并且在APPR期间活动较少（28.2%），发声较少（178.8 +/- 9.3次/3 min），并且花费更多的时间接近观察者（63.3%），而不是0 L：12 D（42.9 +/- 5.0 s，35 +/-3%，211.2 +/- 10.4次/3 min，51 +/- 13）。与0 L：24 D相比，1 L：23 D和6L：18 D显示恐惧有所减少，但这些在测试中并不一致。在EMRG中，6L：18 D和12 L：12 D的鸟在离开盒子的方向上表现出偏侧化，而1 L：23 D和0 L：12 D在机会水平上离开左侧或右侧。这些实验的结果表明，在胚胎发育过程中每天提供12小时的光刺激导致恐惧的长期减少，如通过多个测试所测量的，并且这可能与大脑侧化有关。结合其他研究，这些发现表明，在胚胎发育过程中的光照对鸡的行为表型和福利有重要意义。(C)2016爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Environmental stimuli present during incubation can impact the behavior of birds post-hatch. To determine the effect of exposing broiler chicken embryos to light on fear-related behavior post-hatch, we conducted two experiments in which we incubated eggs under various light schedules, and then measured fear responses when the chickens (N = 720) were 3-6 wk of age. In Expt. 1, the incubation photoperiods were 0L:24D, 12L:12D, and 24L:0D, and tonic immobility (TI) and inversion (INV) tests were administered. In Expt. 2, the incubation photoperiods were 0L:24D, 1L:23D, 6L:18D, and 12L:12D; and an approach test (APPR) and an emergence (EMRG) test were administered in addition to TI and INV. In Expt. 1, both 12L:12D and 24L:0D had shorter latencies to right during TI (213.5 +/- 23.7 and 231.8 +/- 24.2 s, respectively) than 0L:24D (305.5 +/- 26.1 s) and also wing flapped less intensely during INV (12L:12D 5.0 +/- 0.1 wing flaps; 24L:OD 5.4 +/- 0.2) than 0L:24D (5.7 +/- 0.1). In Expt. 2, the 12L:12D birds once again had shorter latencies to right during TI (120.0 +/- 16.5 s) and wing flapped less intensely during INV (4.7 +/- 0.1 wing flaps) than 0L:24D (201.4 +/- 24.9 and 5.5 +/- 0.1, respectively). They also had shorter latencies to exit the dark box in EMRG (28.9 s), and were less active (28 2%), vocalized less (178.8 +/- 9.3 times/3 min) and spent more time closer to the observer during APPR (63 3%) than 0L:12D (42.9 +/- 5.0 s, 35 +/- 3%, 211.2 +/- 10.4 times/3 min, 51 +/- 13). The 1L:23D and 6L:18D showed some reductions in fearfulness compared to 0L:24D, but these were not consistent across tests. The 6L:18D and 12L:12D birds demonstrated lateralization in the direction to leave the box in EMRG, whereas 1L:23D and 0L:12D exited left or right at chance levels. The results of these experiments indicate that providing at 12 h of light stimulation daily during embryogenesis results in long-term reductions in fearfulness as measured by multiple tests, and that this may be related to cerebral lateralization. In conjunction with other research, these findings show that light exposure during embryogenesis has important implications for behavioral phenotypes and welfare in chickens. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.