On the complexity of powering in finite fields
On the complexity of powering in finite fields
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有限域供电的复杂性
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发表时间:
2011
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通讯作者:
Swastik Kopparty
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作者:
Swastik Kopparty
We study the complexity of computing the k<sup>th</sup>-power of an element of F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub> by constant depth arithmetic circuits over F<sub>2</sub> (also known as ACP). Our study encompasses the complexity of basic arithmetic operations such as computing cube-root and computing cubic-residuosity of elements of F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub>. Our main result is that these problems require exponential size circuits.
We also derive strong average-case versions of these results. For example, we show that no subexponential-size, constant-depth, arithmetic circuit over F<sub>2</sub> can correctly compute the cubic residue symbol for more than 1/3 + o(1) fraction of the elements of F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub>. As a corollary, we deduce a character sum bound showing that the cubic residue character over F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub> is uncorrelated with all degree-d n-variate F<sub>2</sub> polynomials (viewed as functions over F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub> in a natural way), provided d l n<sup>ε</sup> for some universal ε > 0. Classical methods (based on van der Corput differencing and the Weil bounds) show this only for d l log(n).
Our proof revisits the classical Razborov-Smolensky method for circuit lower bounds, and executes an analogue of it in the land of univariate polynomials over F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub>. The tools we use come from both F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub> and F<sub>2</sub><sup>n</sup>. In recent years, this interplay between F<sub>2<sup>n</sup></sub> and F<sub>2</sub><sup>n</sup> has played an important role in many results in pseudorandomness, property testing and coding theory.