Women’s Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature
Women’s Participation in Open Source Software: A Survey of the Literature
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DOI：
10.1145/3510460
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发表时间：
2021-05
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bianca Trinkenreich;I. Wiese;A. Sarma;M. Gerosa;Igor Steinmacher
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bianca Trinkenreich;I. Wiese;A. Sarma;M. Gerosa;Igor Steinmacher
妇女在开放源码软件项目中的代表性不足，因此，妇女不仅失去了职业和技能发展机会，而且项目本身也缺乏多样性。从业者和研究人员需要更多地了解这一现象;然而，关于开源女性的研究遍布多个领域，包括信息系统，软件工程和社会科学。本文系统地绘制、汇总和综合了妇女参与开放源码软件的最新情况。它侧重于妇女贡献者的代表性和人口统计，她们如何贡献，她们的动机和挑战，以及社区为吸引和留住妇女而采用的战略。我们确定了51篇文章（发表于2000年至2021年），调查了妇女参与OSS的情况。我们在这些论文中发现了关于谁是做出贡献的女性，是什么激励她们做出贡献，她们做出什么类型的贡献，她们面临的挑战以及为支持她们的参与而提出的战略的证据。根据这些研究，只有大约5%的项目报告有女性作为核心开发人员，女性撰写的拉式请求不到5%，但拉式请求的接受率与男性相似甚至更高。妇女作出代码和非代码的贡献，他们的动机作出贡献，包括学习新技能，利他主义，互惠和亲属关系。妇女在开放源码软件中面临的挑战主要是社会性的，包括缺乏同侪平等和来自有害文化的非包容性沟通。我们发现文献中报告了10种策略，并将其与报告的挑战进行了映射。基于这些结果，我们提供了未来的研究和实践的指导方针。
Women are underrepresented in Open Source Software (OSS) projects, as a result of which, not only do women lose career and skill development opportunities, but the projects themselves suffer from a lack of diversity of perspectives. Practitioners and researchers need to understand more about the phenomenon; however, studies about women in open source are spread across multiple fields, including information systems, software engineering, and social science. This article systematically maps, aggregates, and synthesizes the state-of-the-art on women’s participation in OSS. It focuses on women contributors’ representation and demographics, how they contribute, their motivations and challenges, and strategies employed by communities to attract and retain women. We identified 51 articles (published between 2000 and 2021) that investigated women’s participation in OSS. We found evidence in these papers about who are the women who contribute, what motivates them to contribute, what types of contributions they make, challenges they face, and strategies proposed to support their participation. According to these studies, only about 5% of projects were reported to have women as core developers, and women authored less than 5% of pull-requests, but had similar or even higher rates of pull-request acceptances than men. Women make both code and non-code contributions, and their motivations to contribute include learning new skills, altruism, reciprocity, and kinship. Challenges that women face in OSS are mainly social, including lack of peer parity and non-inclusive communication from a toxic culture. We found 10 strategies reported in the literature, which we mapped to the reported challenges. Based on these results, we provide guidelines for future research and practice.