Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious casualty crashes: Data from the Australian National Crash In-depth Study
Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious casualty crashes: Data from the Australian National Crash In-depth Study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.043
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Lenne, Michael G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beanland, Vanessa;Fitzharris, Michael;Lenne, Michael G.
驾驶员注意力不集中和驾驶员分心是道路安全中的主要问题。虽然人们认为这两种因素都增加了撞车风险，但目前关于它们在撞车事故中的作用的可靠信息有限。目前的研究使用了来自澳大利亚国家碰撞深入研究的深入数据，以调查驾驶员分心和注意力不集中在严重伤亡事故中的作用。样本包括2000年至2011年的856起撞车事故，其中至少有一方因撞车受伤而入院。使用驾驶员注意力不集中的分类法对碰撞进行编码，该分类法描述了五种注意力不集中的亚型：限制性注意力，错误优先注意力，忽视注意力，粗略注意力和转移注意力（分心）。大约45%的事故由于信息不足而无法编码，而另外15%的参与者表示“其他司机有错”，但没有说明是否涉及疏忽。在剩余的340起案件中，大多数都显示出驾驶员注意力不集中（57.6%）或可能注意力不集中（5.9%）的证据。注意力不集中最常见的亚型是注意力受限，主要是由于醉酒和/或疲劳，以及注意力转移或分心。最常见的分心类型涉及车辆内自发的、与驾驶无关的分心，例如乘客互动。目前的研究表明，大多数严重伤害事故涉及驾驶员注意力不集中。大多数形式的注意力不集中和注意力分散都是可以预防的。本研究证明了使用深入的碰撞数据来调查伤亡事故中驾驶员注意力不集中的可行性。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Driver inattention and driver distraction represent a major problem in road safety. Although both are believed to contribute to increased crash risk, there is currently limited reliable information on their role in crashes. The current study used in-depth data from the Australian National Crash In-depth Study to investigate the role of driver distraction and inattention in serious casualty crashes. The sample included 856 crashes from 2000 to 2011, in which at least one party was admitted to hospital due to crash-related injuries. Crashes were coded using a taxonomy of driver inattention that delineates five inattention subtypes: restricted attention, misprioritised attention, neglected attention, cursory attention, and diverted attention (distraction). Approximately 45% of crashes could not be coded due to insufficient information while in an additional 15% the participant indicated the "other driver was at fault" without specifying whether inattention was involved. Of the 340 remaining cases, most showed evidence of driver inattention (57.6%) or possible inattention (5.9%). The most common subtypes of inattention were restricted attention, primarily due to intoxication and/or fatigue, and diverted attention or distraction. The most common types of distraction involved voluntary, non-driving related distractions originating within the vehicle, such as passenger interactions. The current study indicates that a majority of serious injury crashes involve driver inattention. Most forms of inattention and distraction observed are preventable. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using in-depth crash data to investigate driver inattention in casualty crashes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.