Criterion Validation of a Stress Measure: The Stress Overload Scale
Criterion Validation of a Stress Measure: The Stress Overload Scale
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DOI：
10.1037/pas0000081
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Clark, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amirkhan, James H.;Urizar, Guido G., Jr.;Clark, Sarah
验证压力量表带来的问题超出了其他心理测量。在这里，我们进行了3项研究来解决这些问题，并评估了一种新的理论衍生的测量方法——压力超载量表（SOS; Amirkhan, 2012）得分的标准效度。在研究1中，SOS在大学生样本（n = 127）中测试了其预测学期后疾病的能力。即使采取预防措施，尽量减少标准污染，分数被发现可以预测期末考试后一个月内所有5项不同标准的健康问题。在研究2中，一个社区样本（n = 231）被用来测试SOS区分处于压力环境中的人与处于更轻松环境中的人的能力。SOS评分在一般人群应用中表现出良好的敏感性（96%）和特异性（100%）。在研究3中，我们测试了SOS在一组孕妇（n = 40）中区分唾液皮质醇对实验室压力源反应的能力。研究发现，得分高的人皮质醇反应迟钝，这表明hpa轴过载，是患有慢性压力和压力相关病理的人的典型症状。在所有3项研究中，尽管压力源、标准、人群和方法各不相同，但SOS得分已成为压力的有效指标。然而，每项研究也引入了新的问题，需要在未来的压力量表效度测试中采取额外的纠正措施。讨论了这些策略，以及SOS在各种应用和人群中作为研究和诊断工具的效用。
Validating stress scales poses problems beyond those of other psychological measures. Here, 3 studies were conducted to address those problems and assess the criterion validity of scores from a new theory-derived measure, the Stress Overload Scale (SOS; Amirkhan, 2012). In Study 1, the SOS was tested for its ability to predict postsemester illness in a sample of college students (n = 127). Even with precautions to minimize criterion contamination, scores were found to predict health problems in the month following a final exam on all of 5 different criteria. In Study 2, a community sample (n = 231) was used to test the SOS' ability to differentiate people in stressful circumstances from those in more relaxed contexts. SOS scores demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96%) and specificity (100%) in this general population application. In Study 3, the SOS was tested for its ability to differentiate salivary cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor in a group of pregnant women (n = 40). High scores were found to be associated with a blunted cortisol response, which is indicative of HPA-axis overload and typical of persons suffering chronic stress and stress-related pathology. Across all 3 studies, despite variations in the stressor, criterion, population, and methods, SOS scores emerged as valid indicators of stress. However, each study also introduced new problems that beg additional corrective steps in future stress-scale validity tests. These strategies, and the SOS' utility as a research and diagnostic tool in varied applications and populations, are discussed.