Two‐level extensions of an artificial hormone system

Two‐level extensions of an artificial hormone system
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人工激素系统的两级扩展

DOI:
10.1002/cpe.3470
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mathias
Mathias
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pacher;Mathias

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人工激素系统(AHS)是一种去中心化的软件,能够在异类处理单元(PE)系统中分配任务。根据任务对异类PE的适用性、当前PE负载和任务关系来分配任务。AHS还在任务分配环境中提供自我配置、自我优化和自我修复等属性。此外,它还能够保证此类Self-X属性的实时范围。然而,使用自组织原理会增加系统的复杂性,例如控制系统参数以进行自组织和额外的通信工作。在这一贡献中,我们通过使用AHS的两个不同的两级扩展来解决这些问题:我们将观测器/控制器体系结构的激素参数的选择和控制视为AHS的第一个扩展,以及将节省通信带宽的分层AHS(HAHS)视为AHS的第二个扩展。对于第一个扩展,我们使用机器学习方法来逐步学习不同任务的荷尔蒙数值。这是一个重大进步,因为到目前为止,配置AHS需要专业知识。我们提出了一种观察器/控制器体系结构,作为AHS的扩展,用于监视和控制其行为。用户必须提供一组简单的初始规则,如果需要,观察者/控制器能够生成新规则。使用基准测试(包含六种不同类型的任务)对我们的方法进行的评估表明,观察者/控制器能够匹配用户提供的目标,我们将对此进行详细讨论。第二个扩展是分层AHS,其中系统的PE由几个不同的集群组成,每个集群都具有其自己的通信基础设施,例如,总线系统。HAHS能够节省通信工作量,因为荷尔蒙的广播通信仅限于集群。然而,它提供了与AHS相同的自X特性,即使自我配置的时间比AHS更短。我们提出的评估表明,在具有大量PE的应用中,HAHS比AHS执行得更好。版权所有©2015年 John Wiley父子有限公司。
The ARTIFICIAL HORMONE SYSTEM (AHS) is a decentralized software that is able to allocate tasks in a system of heterogeneous processing elements (PEs). Tasks are allocated according to their suitability for the heterogeneous PEs, the current PE load, and task relationships. The AHS also provides properties like self‐configuration, self‐optimization, and self‐healing in the context of task allocation. In addition, it is able to guarantee real‐time bounds for such self‐X properties. However, using self‐organization principles introduces increased system complexity such as control of system parameters for self‐organization and additional communication effort. In this contribution, we address these problems by using two different two‐level extensions of the AHS: we consider the choice and control of hormone parameters by an observer/controller architecture as first extension of the AHS and a HIERARCHICAL AHS (HAHS) to save communication bandwidth as second extension of the AHS. For the first extension, we use a machine learning approach for gradually learning the hormone values of different tasks. This is a major advance because expert knowledge is needed to configure the AHS up to now. We present an observer/controller architecture as an extension of the AHS to monitor and control its behavior. The user has to provide a simple set of initial rules, and the observer/controller is able to generate new rules if needed. The evaluation of our approach using a benchmark (containing six different types of tasks) shows that the observer/controller is able to match the goals provided by the user, and we discuss it in detail. The second extension is the hierarchical AHS where the PEs of the system consist of several different clusters each of them having its own communication infrastructure, for example, a bus system. The HAHS is able to save communication effort because the broadcast communication of the hormones is limited to the clusters. Nevertheless, it provides the same self‐X properties as the AHS, even the time for self‐configuration is shorter than for the AHS. We present evaluations that show that the HAHS performs better for applications with large numbers of PEs than the AHS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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