Race, Class and the Global Politics of Environmental Inequality
Race, Class and the Global Politics of Environmental Inequality
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种族、阶级和环境不平等的全球政治
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
P. Newell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Newell
自然资源的获取、控制和开发政治承担着社会权力的基本关系；他们暗示并巩固了它们。环境问题反映了在全球政治中起作用的统治和社会排斥的更广泛的模式，这使我们能够了解谁从目前的环境利益分配中受益，哪些社会群体承担了不成比例的污染负担。然而，我们的任务不仅是确定产生环境不平等和不公正的全球结构，而且要表明，在某些情况下，这些结构是如何得到我们继续认为正在产生环境退化解决办法的体制结构的支持和巩固的。为此，我将关于全球管理阶层的辩论和对普遍存在的可持续发展历史集团的批评与更本地化的研究联系起来，研究有组织的不平等的后果，以及边缘化群体为争取自己作为环境不公正受害者的命运所采取的策略。这种方法建立在玛丽安·米勒（Marian Miller）对第三世界在全球环境政治中的调查项目的基础上，强调了全球政治经济在塑造这些政治关系中的重要性。种族、阶级和性别的政治和社会分裂被证明是理解环境不平等和正义的全球组织的关键，尽管它是对前两个维度的忽视，特别是，形成本文的核心关注。通过参考全球北方和南方的一系列当代案例研究，强调了它们在理解因果关系（利益分配）、过程（获取、发言权、代表权）和分配（伤害）模式方面的重要性。
The politics of natural resource access, control and exploitation assume fundamental relations of social power; they imply them and consolidate them. Environmental issues reflect broader patterns of domination and social exclusion at work in global politics which enable us to understand who benefits from the current distribution of environmental benefits and which social groups shoulder a disproportionate amount of the burden of pollution. The task, however, is not merely to identify those global structures that produce environmental inequities and injustices, but to show how, in some cases, those structures are supported and entrenched by the institutional configurations that we continue to assume are generating the solutions to environmental degradation. Towards this end, I connect debates about the global managerial class and critiques of the prevailing sustainable development historical bloc with more localized studies of the consequences of organized inequality and the strategies adopted by marginalized groups to contest their fate as victims of environmental injustice. Such an approach builds upon the project which Marian Miller began with her enquiries into the Third World in global environmental politics, emphasizing the importance of the global political economy in shaping those political relations. Political and social cleavages of race, class and gender are shown to be key to understanding the global organization of environmental inequality and justice, though it is the neglect of the first two dimensions, in particular, that forms the core concern of this paper. Their importance in understanding patterns of causation (distribution of benefit), process (access, voice, representation) and distribution (of harm) is highlighted through reference to a range of contemporary case studies in the global North and South.