A new approach for investigating venom function applied to venom calreticulin in a parasitoid wasp.
A new approach for investigating venom function applied to venom calreticulin in a parasitoid wasp.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.012
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Werren JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Siebert AL;Wheeler D;Werren JH
开发了一种新的方法来研究毒液成分的功能，即利用有毒动物的毒液基因RNA干扰敲除，结合被毒化宿主动物的RNA测序。将vRNAi/eRNA-Seq方法应用于寄生蜂丽翅蜂的毒液钙网蛋白组分（v-crc）。寄生蜂是一种常见的有毒动物，它们将毒液蛋白注入宿主昆虫，在那里它们调节生理和代谢，为寄生蜂幼虫生产更好的食物资源。vRNAi/eRNA-Seq表明v-crc的作用是抑制先天免疫细胞应答的表达，增强宿主中凝血基因的表达，并上调角质层基因。V-crc KD还导致在毒液蛰入后立即增加的黑化反应。我们建议v-crc抑制寄生蜂毒液的先天免疫反应，并减少寄生蜂成虫和幼虫取食时宿主出血。实验并不支持这一假设，即v-crc是所需的发育停滞表型中观察到的envenomated主机。我们建议，一些毒液成分的一个重要作用是减少（调节）夸大的影响，其他毒液成分对靶宿主基因表达，生理和生存，并长期这种毒液缓解。开发了一种模型，该模型使用vRNAi/eRNA-Seq来量化个体毒液组分对总毒液表型的贡献，并定义个体毒液对宿主基因表达的不同类别的缓解。缓解功能可能有助于寄生蜂和其他有毒生物的毒液蛋白的多样性。
A new method is developed to investigate functions of venom components, using venom gene RNA interference knockdown in the venomous animal coupled with RNA sequencing in the envenomated host animal. The vRNAi/eRNA-Seq approach is applied to the venom calreticulin component (v-crc) of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Parasitoids are common, venomous animals that inject venom proteins into host insects, where they modulate physiology and metabolism to produce a better food resource for the parasitoid larvae. vRNAi/eRNA-Seq indicates that v-crc acts to suppress expression of innate immune cell response, enhance expression of clotting genes in the host, and up-regulate cuticle genes. V-crc KD also results in an increased melanization reaction immediately following envenomation. We propose that v-crc inhibits innate immune response to parasitoid venom and reduces host bleeding during adult and larval parasitoid feeding. Experiments do not support the hypothesis that v-crc is required for the developmental arrest phenotype observed in envenomated hosts. We propose that an important role for some venom components is to reduce (modulate) the exaggerated effects of other venom components on target host gene expression, physiology, and survival, and term this venom mitigation. A model is developed that uses vRNAi/eRNA-Seq to quantify the contribution of individual venom components to total venom phenotypes, and to define different categories of mitigation by individual venoms on host gene expression. Mitigating functions likely contribute to the diversity of venom proteins in parasitoids and other venomous organisms.