Assessment of sucrose and ethanol reinforcement: the across-session breakpoint procedure
Assessment of sucrose and ethanol reinforcement: the across-session breakpoint procedure
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DOI：
10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00963-0
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Samson, HNH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czachowski, CL;Legg, BH;Samson, HNH
我们之前已经证明，使用跨会话累进比率程序产生的10%乙醇（10 E）的断点值稳定，与其他滥用药物[酒精]的断点值相当。临床有效期第23（1999）1580号决议]。本实验的目的有两个：（1）确定该程序是否对使用先前证明以可预测的方式影响操作性反应的干扰器的干扰器幅度的变化敏感;（2）确定乙醇强化是否产生类似的行为变化。对雄性Long-Evans大鼠进行训练，使其对3%蔗糖（3S）或10 E作出反应，使用吸管食欲/消耗程序，其中完成单一反应要求导致获得液体溶液20 min。通过每天增加反应要求，直至未完成，确定该“基线”溶液的三个连续断点。然后操作溶液的浓度，使得对于1%、3%、5%和10%蔗糖评估蔗糖组的折点，并且对于2%、5%、10%和20%乙醇评估乙醇组的折点。浓度操纵表明，蔗糖浓度有更大的影响，寻求和消费比乙醇浓度。蔗糖组中的断点与蔗糖浓度高度相关，而在乙醇组中，断点与乙醇浓度无关。乙醇摄入模式表明，药理因素可能已经调节摄入量，当生理检测量的乙醇被消耗，有一个寻求和摄入量略有升高乙醇寻求之间的分离。总体而言，跨会话断点程序证实，甜味是高度相关的寻求和消费，而乙醇动机的反应可能是由不同的监管机制，是不同的寻求和消费控制。(C)2003年爱思唯尔科学公司All rights reserved.
We have demonstrated previously that the use of an across-session progressive ratio procedure yields breakpoint values for 10% ethanol (10E) that are stable and comparable to those measured for other drugs of abuse [Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 23 (1999) 1580]. The aims of the present experiment were twofold: (1) to determine whether this procedure is sensitive to changes in reinforcer magnitude using a reinforcer previously demonstrated to affect operant responding in a predictable fashion and (2) to determine whether ethanol reinforcement produced similar changes in behavior. Male, Long-Evans rats were trained to respond for either 3% sucrose (3S) or 10E using the sipper tube appetitive/consummatory procedure where the completion of a single response requirement results in access to a liquid solution for 20 min. Three successive breakpoints were determined for this "baseline" solution by increasing the response requirement each day until it was not completed. The concentration of the solutions was then manipulated such that breakpoints for the Sucrose Group were assessed for 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% sucrose, and breakpoints for the Ethanol Group were assessed for 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% ethanol. The concentration manipulation showed that sucrose concentration had a greater impact on seeking and consumption than did ethanol concentration. Breakpoints in the Sucrose Group were highly correlated with sucrose concentration, whereas in the Ethanol Group, breakpoint was unrelated to ethanol concentration. Ethanol intake patterns suggested that pharmacological factors might have been regulating intake, and that when physiologically detectable amounts of ethanol were consumed, there was a dissociation between seeking and intake with slightly elevated ethanol seeking. Overall, the across-session breakpoint procedure confirmed that sweet taste was highly related to seeking and consumption, whereas ethanol-motivated responding may be controlled by different regulatory mechanisms that are distinct to seeking and consumption. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.