Cesium Radioactivity in Marine and Freshwater Products and Its Relation to the Restoration of Fisheries in Fukushima: A Decade Review
Cesium Radioactivity in Marine and Freshwater Products and Its Relation to the Restoration of Fisheries in Fukushima: A Decade Review
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海洋和淡水产品中的铯放射性及其与福岛渔业恢复的关系：十年回顾
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-6799-2_14
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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et al.
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作者：
Toshihiro Wada;Yoshiharu Nemoto;Tsuneo Fujita;Gyo Kawata;Kyoichi Kamiyama;et al.
本文介绍了福岛第一核电站事故后海水和淡水产品中的铯放射性，并解释了该放射性与福岛县海水和淡水渔业恢复的关系。在FDNPP事故后的十年中，几乎所有由海啸对渔业相关设施的破坏和海产品的放射性污染引起的主要问题都得到了解决，尽管在FDNPP港口收集的鱼中偶尔仍观察到放射性铯（134 Cs和137 Cs）浓度超过日本规定的100 Bq/kg-湿的限制。福岛县强化检查的监测结果，在有关扩大沿海渔业试验作业（即所谓的“试捕”）的慎重决策中发挥了重要作用，操作区域、操作时间和目标物种）。除了福岛县渔业合作协会联合会在FDNPP附近设立禁捕区外，还通过自愿检查制度确保了海产品的安全。根据2021年4月开始的新作业计划，试捕制度下设定的多项限制将逐步解除。与全面捕捞有关的其余问题将根据渔业合作社制定的路线图加以解决。为了增加近海和近海渔业的上岸量，需要对航运所需的人力资源和基础设施进行重建，以应对有害的谣言：2020年的上岸量分别为2010年的17.7%和55.7%。在内陆水环境中，淡水鱼的放射性铯浓度总体上逐渐下降。在福岛县的西部和东南部，限制包括休闲捕鱼在内的捕鱼活动的限制已经解除。相比之下，在福岛县中部至东部地区，渔业活动仍然有限或暂停，那里的淡水鱼持续受到放射性铯污染。在指定的疏散区发现，由于食物网不断吸收放射性铯，淡水鱼中放射性铯污染水平很高，福岛县的监测检查尚未针对该疏散区。几乎没有受到放射性铯污染的养殖鱼类的产量和价格尚未恢复。为了今后恢复福岛的内水渔业，有必要开展长期研究，以准确预测自然栖息地淡水鱼的放射性铯污染，并采取措施防止养殖鱼类的名誉受损。
This review describes cesium radioactivity in marine and freshwater products after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident and explains the relation of that radioactivity to the restoration of marine and freshwater fisheries in Fukushima Prefecture. During the decade following the FDNPP accident, almost all major problems caused by tsunami damage to fishery-related facilities and radioactive contamination of marine products have been settled, although elevated radiocesium (134Cs and137Cs) concentrations over the Japanese regulatory limit of 100 Bq/kg-wet are still observed occasionally in fish collected at the FDNPP port. Monitoring results obtained from intensive inspections by Fukushima Prefecture have played important roles in careful decision-making related to expansion of coastal fisheries operations on a trial basis, so-called “trial fishing,” for which several limitations (e.g., operation areas, operation times, and target species) were imposed. Safety of marine products has been ensured through the voluntary screening system, in addition to the establishment of a no-take zone near the FDNPP by the Fukushima Prefectural Federation of Fisheries Cooperative Association. Under the new operation scheme started from April 2021, several limitations set under the trial fishing regime will be lifted gradually. Remaining issues related to full-scale fishing will be resolved based on the roadmaps produced by fisheries cooperatives. Reconstruction of human resources and the infrastructure necessary for shipping in association with countermeasures against harmful rumors will be necessary to increase landings by both coastal and offshore fisheries: Those landing amounts in 2020 were, respectively, 17.7% and 55.7% of those recorded in 2010. In inland water environments, radiocesium concentrations of freshwater fish have decreased gradually overall. Limitations constraining fishing activities including recreational fishing have been lifted in western and southeastern parts of Fukushima Prefecture. In contrast, fishing activities have remained limited or suspended in the middle to eastern part of Fukushima Prefecture where persistent radiocesium contamination of freshwater fish has been observed. High levels of radiocesium contamination in freshwater fish because of the continuous radiocesium uptake through the food web have been found in the designated evacuation zone, which monitoring inspections by Fukushima Prefecture have not yet targeted. Production amounts and prices of cultured fish, which are almost free from radiocesium contamination, have not yet recovered. Long-term studies promoting the precise prediction of radiocesium contamination of freshwater fish in natural habitats and countermeasures against reputational damage of cultured fish are necessary to help restore Fukushima’s inland water fisheries in the future.