Multiple successional pathways in human-modified tropical landscapes: new insights from forest succession, forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research
Multiple successional pathways in human-modified tropical landscapes: new insights from forest succession, forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12231
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Tabarelli, Marcelo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor;Melo, Felipe P. L.;Tabarelli, Marcelo
世界各地的原始热带森林正在被大规模砍伐和分割。然而，森林恢复通过继承导致扩大次生林在人类改造的热带景观（HMTLs）。因此，次生林成为热带生物多样性的潜在储存库，也是HMTLs基本生态系统功能和服务的来源。然而，这些关键作用是有争议的，因为它们取决于演替、景观和社会经济动态，而这些动态在景观和区域内部和之间可能差异很大。了解受干扰的热带森林的演替途径的主要驱动力是迫切需要改善管理，保护和恢复战略。在这里，我们结合联合收割机新兴知识，从热带森林演替，森林破碎化和景观生态学研究，以确定在不同的空间尺度上形成演替途径的主要驱动力。我们还探讨了土地利用动态和演替途径的可预测性水平之间的因果关系，并研究这种连接的潜在影响，以确定在HMTLs的生物多样性保护次生林的重要性。我们表明，次生演替（SS）在热带景观是一个多因素的现象，在多个时空尺度上操作的无数的力量的影响。SS是相对较快，更可预测的，在最近修改的景观和保存完好的生物多样性丰富的原生森林仍然存在于景观。然而，在景观空间结构和基质异质性的景观与中等水平的干扰增加了不确定性的演替途径的变化。然而，在遭受广泛和强烈人为干扰的景观中，演替可能缓慢或停滞，群落贫瘠，提供生态系统功能和服务的潜力降低。我们的结论是：（i）必须使用更全面的解释性模型来研究演替，提供关于不仅影响物种和生态群体的存在而且影响其持久性的力量的信息，特别是那些预计将从HMTLs中灭绝的分类群;（二）SS研究应结合森林破碎化和景观生态学研究的新方面，以准确地解决次生林作为生物多样性的潜力储存库;和（iii）次生林作为HMTLs的动态组成部分，必须作为保护规划的关键要素纳入;即必须根据广泛空间尺度的保护目标积极管理次生林（例如使用辅助森林恢复）。
Old-growth tropical forests are being extensively deforested and fragmented worldwide. Yet forest recovery through succession has led to an expansion of secondary forests in human-modified tropical landscapes (HMTLs). Secondary forests thus emerge as a potential repository for tropical biodiversity, and also as a source of essential ecosystem functions and services in HMTLs. Such critical roles are controversial, however, as they depend on successional, landscape and socio-economic dynamics, which can vary widely within and across landscapes and regions. Understanding the main drivers of successional pathways of disturbed tropical forests is critically needed for improving management, conservation, and restoration strategies. Here, we combine emerging knowledge from tropical forest succession, forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research to identify the main driving forces shaping successional pathways at different spatial scales. We also explore causal connections between land-use dynamics and the level of predictability of successional pathways, and examine potential implications of such connections to determine the importance of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation in HMTLs. We show that secondary succession (SS) in tropical landscapes is a multifactorial phenomenon affected by a myriad of forces operating at multiple spatio-temporal scales. SS is relatively fast and more predictable in recently modified landscapes and where well-preserved biodiversity-rich native forests are still present in the landscape. Yet the increasing variation in landscape spatial configuration and matrix heterogeneity in landscapes with intermediate levels of disturbance increases the uncertainty of successional pathways. In landscapes that have suffered extensive and intensive human disturbances, however, succession can be slow or arrested, with impoverished assemblages and reduced potential to deliver ecosystem functions and services. We conclude that: (i) succession must be examined using more comprehensive explanatory models, providing information about the forces affecting not only the presence but also the persistence of species and ecological groups, particularly of those taxa expected to be extirpated from HMTLs; (ii) SS research should integrate new aspects from forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research to address accurately the potential of secondary forests to serve as biodiversity repositories; and (iii) secondary forest stands, as a dynamic component of HMTLs, must be incorporated as key elements of conservation planning; i.e. secondary forest stands must be actively managed (e.g. using assisted forest restoration) according to conservation goals at broad spatial scales.