Breaking-bud pollination: a new pollination process in partially opened flowers by small bees
Breaking-bud pollination: a new pollination process in partially opened flowers by small bees
复制标题
断芽授粉：小蜜蜂部分开放的花朵的新授粉过程
DOI：
10.1007/s10265-015-0741-8
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Futa Yamaji & Takeshi A. Ohsawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Futa Yamaji;Takeshi A. Ohsawa;Futa Yamaji & Takeshi A. Ohsawa
植物与传粉者的相互作用通常在完全开放的花中进行研究。然而，一些传粉者可以在花朵完全开放之前访问花朵，并有助于果实和种子的形成。本文通过4个田间试验研究了初开花的传粉生物学。我们观察了访虫者为血番茄。在五个地点工作了三年。这些观察结果表明，只有小型蜜蜂（Lasioglossum japonicum）经常通过“破芽”（即部分开放的花）的花被片之间的微小空间进入并收集花粉。我们假设它们可以在花蕾期授粉，此时柱头位于花药附近。为了测量小蜜蜂在花蕾期的传粉效果，我们在小蜜蜂拜访后将几个花蕾装袋，并检查这些花蕾是否授粉。在套袋试验中，30%的破裂芽结了果实和种子。断裂芽的坐果率与完全开放的花的坐果率没有显著差异，而完全开放的花曾被几种昆虫访问过。我们还统计了l体上的花粉粒数。随机选择和操纵花的花药。这些实验表明，所有捕获的蜜蜂都有一些目标植物的花粉。日本菊的大部分花粉粒是在萌芽期收集的。研究结果表明，这一新的传粉过程，即破芽传粉，发生在白杨的破芽传粉过程中。虽然没有证据表明这是最有效的授粉方法。sanguineavar.sanguinea。原则上，这种新的传粉过程可以发生在其他开花植物中，我们的研究结果对植物-传粉者相互作用的研究做出了重大贡献。
Plant-pollinator interactions have usually been researched in flowers that have fully opened. However, some pollinators can visit flowers before full opening and contribute to fruit and seed sets. In this paper, we researched the pollination biology of flowers just starting to open in four field experiments. We observed the insect visitors toLycoris sanguineavar.sanguineafor 3 years at five sites. These observations revealed that only small bees,Lasioglossum japonicum, often entered through tiny spaces between the tepals of ‘breaking buds’ (i.e. partially opened flowers) and collected pollen. We hypothesized that they can pollinate this species at the breaking-bud stage, when the stigma is located near the anthers. To measure the pollination effect of small bees at the breaking-bud stage, we bagged several breaking buds after small bees had visited them and examined whether these buds were pollinated. In bagging experiments, 30 % of the breaking buds set fruit and seeds. Fruit-set ratios of the breaking buds did not differ significantly from those of the fully opened flowers, which had been visited by several insect species. We also counted the pollen grain numbers on the body ofL. japonicumand on the anthers of randomly-selected and manipulated flowers. These experiments revealed that all of the captured bees had some pollen of target plants and thatL. japonicumcollected most of the pollen grains at the breaking-bud stage. Our results showed that the new pollination process, breaking-bud pollination, happened in breaking buds byL. japonicum, although there is no evidence to reveal that this is the most effective pollination method forL. sanguineavar.sanguinea. In principle, this new pollination process can occur in other flowering plants and our results are a major contribution to studies of plant-pollinator interactions.