Factors affecting stroking patterns and body angle in diving Weddell seals under natural conditions
Factors affecting stroking patterns and body angle in diving Weddell seals under natural conditions
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.00265
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Naito, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato, K;Mitani, Y;Naito, Y
水生动物使用各种策略来减少运动的能量消耗。有效的运动对于屏气潜水员来说尤其重要，因为高水平的运动可能会迅速耗尽氧气储备，导致潜水终止。本文对南极洲麦克默多湾8只成年威德尔海豹的游泳行为进行了研究。一个新开发的数据记录器被连接到自由放养的女性在自己的繁殖地点，以记录游泳速度，深度，二维加速度（中风频率和身体角度）和温度。所有海豹都进行了多次深潜（每只动物的平均潜水深度范围为223.3 +/- 66.5-297.9 +/- 164.7米）。对于较瘦的雌性海豹（N=5只海豹），观察到下降时滑行时间延长。但较胖的女性（N=3海豹）只表现出游泳和滑行游泳，间歇性的抚摸和波动的游泳速度，在整个下降和上升。其中四只海豹的身体角度被限制在30度以下，这是因为它们在冰层上的呼吸孔的位置和当地水深特征的坡度。在这四个密封件中，三个较胖的密封件采用了冲程和滑动方法，而另一个较薄的密封件则通过长时间的滑动下降。长时间的滑翔似乎是一种更有效的运动方法，因为滑翔海豹潜水之间的表面时间明显少于抚摸动物，尽管它们的中风频率相同。
Aquatic animals use a variety of strategies to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion. Efficient locomotion is particularly important for breath-holding divers because high levels of exercise may quickly deplete oxygen reserves, leading to the termination of a dive. We investigated the swimming behavior of eight adult Weddell seals, which are proficient divers, in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. A newly developed data logger was attached to free-ranging females at their own breeding sites to record swimming speed, depth, two-dimensional accelerations (stroke frequency and body angle) and temperature. All seals conducted multiple deep dives (the mean dive depth range for each animal was 223.3 +/- 66.5-297.9 +/- 164.7 m). Prolonged gliding while descending was observed with thinner females (N=5 seals). But the fatter females (N=3 seals) exhibited only swim and-glide swimming, characterized by intermittent stroking and fluctuating swim speed, throughout their descent and ascent. The body angles of four of the seals were restricted to less than 30degrees by the location of breathing holes in the ice and the slope of local bathymetric features. Of these four, the three fatter seals adopted the stroke-and-glide method while the other thinner seal descended with prolonged periods of gliding. Prolonged gliding seems to be a more efficient method for locomotion because the surface time between dives of gliding seals was significantly less than that of stroking animals, despite their same stroke frequencies.