Magmatic water content controls the pre-eruptive depth of arc magmas

Magmatic water content controls the pre-eruptive depth of arc magmas
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岩浆含水量控制弧岩浆喷发前的深度

DOI:
10.1126/science.abm5174
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
56.9
通讯作者:
Zimmer, Mindy M.
Zimmer, Mindy M.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rasmussen, Daniel J.;Plank, Terry A.;Roman, Diana C.;Zimmer, Mindy M.

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预测火山爆发的先锋工作正在转向基于物理学的模型,这需要对喷发前储存期间的岩浆条件进行定量估计。在活弧火山下面,观测到的岩浆储存深度变化很大(~0至20公里),通常被认为代表了中性浮力的水平。在这里,我们表明,地球物理观测到的岩浆深度(6 ± 3公里)大于中性浮力的深度,排除了这种通常认为的控制。相反,观察到的深度与预测的水脱气深度一致。内部较湿的岩浆比干燥的岩浆更深地脱气和结晶,导致粘度增加,从而导致上升的岩浆更深地停滞。水深的关系提供了一个关键的约束预测模型连接深度的喷发开始其挥发性燃料。
Vanguard efforts in forecasting volcanic eruptions are turning to physics-based models, which require quantitative estimates of magma conditions during pre-eruptive storage. Below active arc volcanoes, observed magma storage depths vary widely (~0 to 20 kilometers) and are commonly assumed to represent levels of neutral buoyancy. Here we show that geophysically observed magma depths (6 ± 3 kilometers) are greater than depths of neutral buoyancy, ruling out this commonly assumed control. Observed depths are instead consistent with predicted depths of water degassing. Intrinsically wetter magmas degas water and crystallize deeper than dry magmas, resulting in viscosity increases that lead to deeper stalling of ascending magma. The water–depth relationship provides a critical constraint for forecasting models by connecting depth of eruption initiation to its volatile fuel.
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