Spatial Hearing and Hearing Aids
Spatial Hearing and Hearing Aids
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-33036-5_7
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Whitmer, William M.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Akeroyd, Michael A.;Whitmer, William M.
听力受损的听者在声音定位方面是否也受损，助听器能提供什么好处，这些问题对于理解听力受损的更广泛影响很重要。我们回顾了自1983年以来发表的29项研究，这些研究测量了声源水平平面方向变化的敏锐度。在可能的情况下，性能是用均方根误差来量化的。总体而言，结果表明：(1)听力受损的听者的左右辨别能力比正常听者差5度，尽管听者和实验之间存在相当大的差异；(2)助听器导致的听力损失仅为1度；(3)定向麦克风相对于全向麦克风的误差为3度；(4)自定义外形因素相对于耳后式没有影响；(5)驯化效益为1度；(6)单侧拟合的定位误差平均为5度，误差可达近20度；(7)听力受损的听众特别容易前后混淆；助听器并不能减少这些，有时反而会增加。虽然助听器对定位有统计学上显著的影响，但这些影响很少是可推广的，因为它们通常只发生在某些来源方向、刺激、助听器特征或听者群体上。总的来说，没有实验证据表明助听器对定向敏锐度有好处。
The questions of whether hearing-impaired listeners are also impaired for the localization of sounds and what benefits hearing aids can provide are important for understanding the wider effects of hearing impairment. We review here 29 studies published since 1983 that have measured acuity for changes in the horizontal-plane direction of sound sources. Where possible, performance is quantified by the root-mean-square error in degrees. Overall, the results demonstrate that (1) hearing-impaired listeners have poorer left-right discrimination than normal-hearing listeners, by 5 degrees when averaged across all experiments, although there is considerable variation across listeners and experiments; (2) hearing aids lead to a deficit of just 1 degrees; (3) directional microphones relative to omnidirectional microphones give a deficit of 3 degrees; (4) custom form factors have no effect relative to the behind-the-ear style; (5) acclimatization gives a benefit of 1 degrees; (6) a unilateral fitting results in a localization deficit of 5 degrees on average, and the deficit can reach nearly 20 degrees; and (7) hearing-impaired listeners are particularly prone to front-back confusions; hearing aids do nothing to reduce these and sometimes increase them. Although statistically significant effects of hearing aids on localization have been reported, few of them are generalizable, as they often occurred for just some source directions, stimuli, hearing aid features, or groups of listeners. Overall, there is no experimental evidence for a benefit from hearing aids for directional acuity.