TOWARD AN INTERACTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY
TOWARD AN INTERACTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.83.5.956
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
MAGNUSSON, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ENDLER, NS;MAGNUSSON, D
综述了人格研究的四种基本模型（特质心理学、心理动力学、情境主义和互动主义）的主要特点。他们就所寻求的法律类型、行为决定因素、分析单位、一致性与特异性问题、行为的个体发育、研究策略和抽样人口进行了比较。讨论了特质模型作为实证人格研究的一般模型的充分性。讨论的重点是特质模型和互动模型之间的争议。结果表明，特质模型作为人格数据用于行为描述和预测的一般依据，以及作为人格研究的一般依据，存在一定的局限性。相反，实证结果支持行为的互动观，其中实际行为是由人变量和情境变量之间的持续和多向互动决定的。综述了行为情境决定因素的研究现状和存在的问题，强调了对情境心理进行系统研究的必要性。讨论了人格互动模型的主要特征，强调了开发研究持续互动过程的方法的必要性。
The major characteristics of 4 basic models in personality research (trait psychology, psychodynamics, situationism and interactionism) were reviewed. They were compared with respect to types of laws sought, determinants of behavior, units of analysis, the consistency vs. specificity issue, ontogenetic development of behavior, and research strategies and populations sampled. The adequacy of the trait model as a general model for empirical personality research was discussed. The discussion focused on the controversy between the trait model and the interactional model. The conclusion was drawn that the trait model is limited as a general basis for the use of personality data in description and prediction of behavior and as a general basis for personality research. Instead, the empirical results support an interactional view of behavior, in which actual behavior is determined by a continuous and multidirectional interaction between person variables and situation variables. The issues and research on situational determinants of behavior were reviewed, and the need for more systematic psychological studies of situations was stressed. The major features of the interactional model of personality were discussed, and the necessity of developing methods for investigating continuous interaction processes was emphasized.