BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types
BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types
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DOI：
10.1029/96gb02344
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Prentice, IC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haxeltine, A;Prentice, IC
平衡陆地生物圈模式BIOME 3模拟了植被分布和地球化学，将植被分布与地球化学直接耦合。模型输入包括纬度、土壤质地等级和0.5度网格上的月气候（温度、降水和日照）数据。生理生态的限制决定了哪些植物功能类型（PFT）可能会发生。耦合的碳和水通量模型，然后用于计算，为每个PFT，叶面积指数（LAI），最大限度地提高净初级生产力（NPP），受约束的NPP必须足以维持这个LAI。PFT之间的竞争模拟使用的最佳NPP的每个PFT作为竞争力的指标，与额外的规则，以近似自然干扰和光竞争驱动的演替之间的动态平衡。模型输出包括一个定量的植被状态描述的主导PFT，二级PFT存在，和总叶面积指数和NPP的生态系统。冠层导度被视为计算出的最佳光合速率和水分胁迫的函数。区域蒸散计算冠层传导，平衡蒸散率，和土壤湿度使用一个简单的行星边界层参数化的函数。该方案通过冠层电导导致碳通量和水通量的双向耦合，从而模拟光合作用、气孔导度和叶面积对大气CO2等环境因子的响应。与全球植被分布图的比较表明，该模型成功地再现了潜在的自然植被分布的大尺度格局。与NPP测量的比较，并与FPAR（部分吸收光合有效辐射）气候学的基础上遥感绿度测量，提供了进一步检查模型的内部逻辑。该模型被设想为综合分析气候和二氧化碳变化对生态系统结构和功能的影响的工具。
The equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model BIOME3 simulates vegetation distribution and biogeochemistry, and couples vegetation distribution directly to biogeochemistry. Model inputs consist of latitude, soil texture class, and monthly climate (temperature, precipitation, and sunshine) data on a 0.5 degrees grid. Ecophysiological constraints determine which plant functional types (PFTs) may potentially occur. A coupled carbon and water flux model is then used to calculate, for each PFT, the leaf area index (LAI) that maximizes net primary production (NPP), subject to the constraint that NPP must be sufficient to maintain this LAI. Competition between PFTs is simulated by using the optimal NPP of each PFT as an index of competitiveness, with additional rules to approximate the dynamic equilibrium between natural disturbance and succession driven by light competition. Model output consists of a quantitative vegetation state description in terms of the dominant PFT, secondary PFTs present, and the total LAI and NPP for the ecosystem. Canopy conductance is treated as a function of the calculated optimal photosynthetic rate and water stress. Regional evapotranspiration is calculated as a function of canopy conductance, equilibrium evapotranspiration rate, and soil moisture using a simple planetary boundary layer parameterization. This scheme results in a two-way coupling of the carbon and water fluxes through canopy conductance, allowing simulation of the response of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaf area to environmental factors including atmospheric CO2. Comparison with the mapped distribution of global vegetation shows that the model successfully reproduces the broad-scale patterns in potential natural vegetation distribution. Comparison with NPP measurements, and with an FPAR (fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation) climatology based on remotely sensed greenness measurements, provides further checks on the model's internal logic. The model is envisaged as a tool for integrated analysis of the impacts of changes in climate and CO2 on ecosystem structure and function.