100% renewable electricity in Australia
100% renewable electricity in Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.168
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发表时间：
2017-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Stocks, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blakers, Andrew;Lu, Bin;Stocks, Matthew
每小时的能量平衡分析提出了澳大利亚国家电力市场在100%的可再生能源的情况下，其中风能和光伏（PV）提供约90%的年电力需求和现有的水电和生物质提供的平衡。通过只包括正在大量部署的技术（每年超过10千兆瓦），即光伏和风能，避免了对未来技术发展的大胆假设。抽水蓄能（PHES）占全球电力储存的97%，并在这项工作中被采用。在澳大利亚已经发现了许多用于闭环PHES储存的地点。光伏和风能分布在1000万至1亿公顷的土地上，利用高压输电，接入不同的天气系统并降低存储要求（和总成本）。按小时而不是按年平衡可再生能源供应与需求的额外成本被认为是适度的：25 -30澳元/兆瓦时（19 -23美元/兆瓦时）。使用2016年澳大利亚的价格，每小时平衡的可再生能源电力（LCOE）的平准化成本估计为93澳元/兆瓦时（70美元/兆瓦时）。由于风能和光伏成本的快速下降，LCOE几乎肯定会下降。(C)2017年，作者。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
An hourly energy balance analysis is presented of the Australian National Electricity Market in a 100% renewable energy scenario, in which wind and photovoltaics (PV) provides about 90% of the annual electricity demand and existing hydroelectricity and biomass provides the balance. Heroic assumptions about future technology development are avoided by only including technology that is being deployed in large quantities (>10 Gigawatts per year), namely PV and wind.Additional energy storage and stronger interconnection between regions was found to be necessary for stability. Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) constitutes 97% of worldwide electricity storage, and is adopted in this work. Many sites for closed loop PHES storage have been found in Australia. Distribution of PV and wind over 10-100 million hectares, utilising high voltage transmission, accesses different weather systems and reduces storage requirements (and overall cost).The additional cost of balancing renewable energy supply with demand on an hourly rather than annual basis is found to be modest: AU$25-30/MWh (US$19-23/MWh). Using 2016 prices prevailing in Australia, the levelised cost of renewable electricity (LCOE) with hourly balancing is estimated to be AU$93/MWh (US$70/MWh). LCOE is almost certain to decrease due to rapidly falling cost of wind and PV. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.