Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica)
Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica)
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DOI：
10.1186/2251-6832-4-39
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Layokun, Stephen Kolawole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Awolu, Olugbenga Olufemi;Layokun, Stephen Kolawole
以印楝油为原料，采用两步酯交换法制备生物柴油，并对印楝油生物柴油的质量进行了测定。这是为了确定其生产和生存潜力。采用两步酯交换法进行生物柴油的生产。第一步使用0.60 w/w甲醇/油比在1%w/w（HSO 4）-S-2作为酸催化剂存在下在50 ℃下进行1小时。第二步是使用优化设计中指定的条件对来自第一步的产物进行碱（NaOH）酯交换。第二步的中心复合设计优化条件为温度（45 ° C至65 ° C）、催化剂用量（0.45%至1.45%w/w）、反应时间（45至65分钟）和甲醇/油摩尔比（1.5至7.5）。印楝生物柴油的物理化学性质进行了使用标准方法，而脂肪酸配置文件使用气相色谱法测定。当反应时间为65 min，催化剂用量为0.95 g，反应温度为55 ℃，醇油摩尔比为4.5：1时，生物柴油产率最高，为89.69%。物理化学性质的值为0.05%水分含量、0.9在25 ℃下的比重、5.5 mm（2）/S运动粘度、207 mg KOH/g、70.7 g I-2/ 100 g碘值、55.31十六烷值、39.85 MJ/Kg热值、4倾点、8浊点和110闪点。这些值符合国际标准，特别是美国材料试验协会（ASTM）。结果表明，印楝生物柴油的理化性能和发动机试验结果基本符合相关标准。这些，再加上它的高收率，证明了生产的可行性和效率的印楝生物柴油使用两步酯交换过程。
This work investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil using a two-step transesterification process and determination of the qualities of the neem oil biodiesel. This was with a view to establish its production and viability potentials. Biodiesel production was carried using a two-step transesterification process. The first step was carried out using 0.60 w/w methanol-to-oil ratio in the presence of 1% w/w (HSO4)-S-2 as an acid catalyst in 1 h at 50 degrees C. The second step was base (NaOH) transesterification of the product from the first step using conditions specified in the optimization design. The central composite design optimization conditions for the second step were temperature (45 degrees C to 65 degrees C), catalyst amount (0.45% to 1.45% w/w), reaction time (45 to 65 min), and methanol/oil molar ratio (1.5 to 7.5). The physicochemical properties of the neem biodiesel were carried out using standard methods, while the fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography. Optimized biodiesel yield of 89.69% was produced at reaction time of 65 min, catalyst amount of 0.95 g, temperature of 55 degrees C, and methanol/oil molar ratio of 4.5: 1. The values for the physicochemical properties are 0.05% moisture content, 0.9 specific gravity at 25 degrees C, 5.5 mm(2)/S kinematic viscosity, 207 mg KOH/g, 70.7 g I-2/ 100 g iodine value, 55.31 cetane number, 39.85 MJ/Kg calorific value, 4 pour point, 8 cloud point, and 110 flash point. These values conform to international standards, in particular, American Society Testing Materials (ASTM). It can be concluded that neem biodiesel showed a general compliance with known standards judging from its physicochemical properties and the engine test. These, coupled with its high yield, attested to the production viability and efficiency of neem biodiesel using two-step transesterification process.