New Methods for Personal Exposure Monitoring for Airborne Particles.
New Methods for Personal Exposure Monitoring for Airborne Particles.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-015-0070-z
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Peters TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koehler KA;Peters TM
空气中的颗粒物与一系列不利的心肺结果有关，这促使其在世界各地的固定中心进行监测。然而，由于一个区域的空间变异性和个人特有的来源，如家中做饭或清洁、通勤期间的交通排放以及工作中遇到的各种来源，个人接触可能与在中心地点测量的浓度有很大差异。使用小型电池供电的仪器进行个人监测，可以测量个人在日常活动中的暴露量。个人监测可以大大减少暴露错误分类，并提高检测颗粒污染和不良健康结果之间关系的能力。通过对已知地点和来源的接触进行划分，或许可以说明不同来源的不同毒性。本文综述了颗粒物污染的个人暴露评估领域的最新进展。电池技术的进步提高了24小时监测的可行性，提供了更完整地将暴露归因于微环境的能力（例如，工作、家庭、通勤）。评估颗粒物与健康之间关系的新指标也在考虑之中，包括颗粒数浓度、颗粒成分测量和颗粒氧化负荷。这些指标提供了机会，以发展更精确的空气中的颗粒物和健康之间的关联，并可能提供更有效的监管机会。
Airborne particles have been associated with a range of adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes, which has driven its monitoring at stationary, central sites throughout the world. Individual exposures, however, can differ substantially from concentrations measured at central sites due to spatial variability across a region and sources unique to the individual, such as cooking or cleaning in homes, traffic emissions during commutes, and widely varying sources encountered at work. Personal monitoring with small, battery-powered instruments enables the measurement of an individual’s exposure as they go about their daily activities. Personal monitoring can substantially reduce exposure misclassification and improve the power to detect relationships between particulate pollution and adverse health outcomes. By partitioning exposures to known locations and sources, it may be possible to account for variable toxicity of different sources. This review outlines recent advances in the field of personal exposure assessment for particulate pollution. Advances in battery technology have improved the feasibility of 24-hour monitoring, providing the ability to more completely attribute exposures to microenvironment (e.g., work, home, commute). New metrics to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter and health are also being considered, including particle number concentration, particle composition measures, and particle oxidative load. Such metrics provide opportunities to develop more precise associations between airborne particles and health and may provide opportunities for more effective regulations.