The causal role of smoking in anxiety and depression: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT study
The causal role of smoking in anxiety and depression: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT study
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291712001274
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Romundstad, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bjorngaard, J. H.;Gunnell, D.;Romundstad, P.
背景资料。吸烟与精神疾病密切相关，但这种联系的因果方向尚不确定。在挪威Hunt研究中，我们使用位于15号染色体尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体基因簇的rs1051730单核苷酸多态(SNP)变体作为吸烟表型的辅助变量，研究了吸烟与焦虑和抑郁症状之间的因果关系。在吸烟者中，这种SNP与吸烟量和尼古丁依赖密切相关。共有53 601名参与者接受了rs1051730 SNP的基因分型，并使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)提供了有关吸烟习惯和焦虑和抑郁症状的信息。自我报告的吸烟与焦虑和抑郁的患病率呈正相关，所测量的多态与当前吸烟者以及当前吸烟者中吸烟的数量正相关。在整个样本中，焦虑的风险随着每个受影响的T等位基因的增加而增加[优势比(OR)1.06，95%可信区间(CI)1.02-1.09，p=0.002]，但与抑郁无关(p=0.31)。然而，在吸烟者中，我们没有发现该基因多态性与焦虑(OR 1.03，95%CI 0.97-1.09，p=0.34)或抑郁(OR 1.02，95%CI 0.95-1.09，p=0.62)有明显的关联。由于吸烟相关的rs1051730 SNP与吸烟者中的焦虑和抑郁没有关联，因此结果表明吸烟不是导致焦虑和抑郁的原因。
Background. Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with mental illness but the causal direction of the association is uncertain. We investigated the causal relationship between smoking and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the Norwegian HUNT study using the rs1051730 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant located in the nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15 as an instrumental variable for smoking phenotypes. Among smokers, this SNP is robustly associated with smoking quantity and nicotine dependence.Method. In total, 53 601 participants were genotyped for the rs1051730 SNP and provided information on smoking habits and symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results. Self-reported smoking was positively associated with the prevalence of both anxiety and depression, and the measured polymorphism was positively associated with being a current smoker and the number of cigarettes smoked in current smokers. In the sample as a whole, risk of anxiety increased with each affected T allele [odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.09, p=0.002] but there was no association with depression (p=0.31). However, we found no clear association of the polymorphism with either anxiety (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09, p=0.34) or depression (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09, p=0.62) among smokers.Conclusions. As there was no association of the smoking-related rs1051730 SNP with anxiety and depression among smokers, the results suggest that smoking is not a cause of anxiety and depression.