comprehensive assessment of neurocognition in middle-aged chronic igarette smokers
comprehensive assessment of neurocognition in middle-aged chronic igarette smokers
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
imothy C. Durazzoa;Dieter J. Meyerhoffa;Sara Jo Nixonc
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作者：
imothy C. Durazzoa;Dieter J. Meyerhoffa;Sara Jo Nixonc
背景资料：大多数研究慢性吸烟的神经认知后果的研究都是在60岁及以上的成年人中进行的。因此，与中年慢性吸烟相关的神经认知功能障碍的范围（即，30-60岁年龄段）尚未完全界定。研究方法：27名（44 ± 9岁; 4名女性）非吸烟和30名吸烟（49 ± 8岁; 4名女性）参与者完成了全面的神经认知成套测试以及精细运动灵巧性和姿势稳定性的测量。所有参与者都没有可能影响神经认知和运动功能的生物医学或精神疾病。结果如下：吸烟者在以下领域的表现明显不如非吸烟者：言语和视觉空间学习，视觉空间记忆，认知效率，执行技能，一般智力，处理速度，精细运动灵活性和姿势稳定性。吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的差异证明了中度到强烈的效应大小，并且不受年龄，教育，职业水平，估计的语言智力或饮酒量的影响。在吸烟者中，一生吸烟的年数越多，认知效率、处理速度和视觉空间技能的测量结果就越差。结论：这个中年队列的结果重复了以前的研究，并提供了新的发现，表明长期吸烟与一般智力，视觉空间学习和记忆以及精细运动灵活性指标的表现较差有关。需要将神经生物学功能/完整性的测量与神经认知联系起来的研究，以更好地理解导致贫困的机制。
Background: The majority of studies investigating the neurocognitive consequences of chronic smoking have been conducted with adults 60 years and older. Therefore, the scope of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with chronic cigarette smoking in middle age (i.e., 30–60 age range) has not been fully delineated. Methods: Twenty-seven (44 ± 9 years of age; 4 females) non-smoking and 30 smoking (49 ± 8 years of age; 4 females) participants completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery and measures of fine motor dexterity and postural stability. All participants were free of biomedical or psychiatric conditions that may have influenced neurocognitive and motor function. Results: Smokers performed significantly worse than non-smokers on the following domains: auditory–verbal and visuospatial learning, visuospatial memory, cognitive efficiency, executive skills, general intelligence, processing speed, fine motor dexterity and postural stability. The differences between smokers and non-smokers evidenced moderate to strong effect sizes and were not mediated by age, education, vocational level, estimated verbal intelligence or alcohol consumption. In smokers, a greater number of lifetime years of smoking was related to poorer performance on measures of cognitive efficiency, processing speed and visuospatial skills. Conclusions: Results from this middle-aged cohort replicated previous research and provides novel findings indicating that chronic smoking was associated with inferior performance on measures of general intelligence, visuospatial learning and memory and fine motor dexterity. Research that relates measures of neurobiological function/integrity to neurocognition is needed to better understand the mechanisms r per contributing to the poore