Barriers to Effective Teaching
Barriers to Effective Teaching
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DOI：
10.1097/acm.0b013e31820defbe
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Smith, Sandy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DaRosa, Debra A.;Skeff, Kelley;Smith, Sandy
医学院的教职员工肩负着培养未来医生和医学科学家的重要责任。最近的报告显示，医学院的课程没有跟上社会的需求，医学院的毕业生缺乏在21世纪有效行医所需的知识和技能。大多数教师都想成为有成效的教师，毕业时培养出有充分准备的医学生，但课程、文化、环境和经济等多种复杂因素阻碍了他们的努力。有效教学的课程障碍包括学习需求的定义不明确和分歧，误解或未说明的目标和目的，以及课程顺序的挑战。学生和教师的态度，教师发展机会太少，缺乏教学奖励制度，这些都是主要的文化障碍。环境障碍，如时间限制、医学教育的环境和物理空间，以及财政障碍，如教育预算有限，也对即使是最忠诚的教师构成严重挑战。本文描述了文献中提到的有效教学的障碍，并推荐了一些行动项目，其中一些是渐进的，而另一些则代表了重大的变化。在职医生、医学教师和社会都依赖医学教育领导者来解决这些障碍，以实现加强教与学所需的变革。
Medical school faculty members are charged with the critical responsibility of preparing the future physician and medical scientist workforce. Recent reports suggest that medical school curricula have not kept pace with societal needs and that medical schools are graduating students who lack the knowledge and skills needed to practice effectively in the 21st century. The majority of faculty members want to be effective teachers and graduate well-prepared medical students, but multiple and complex factors-curricular, cultural, environmental, and financial-impede their efforts. Curricular impediments to effective teaching include unclear definitions of and disagreement on learning needs, misunderstood or unstated goals and objectives, and curriculum sequencing challenges. Student and faculty attitudes, too few faculty development opportunities, and the lack of an award system for teaching all are major culture-based barriers. Environmental barriers, such as time limitations, the setting, and the physical space in which medical education takes place, and financial barriers, such as limited education budgets, also pose serious challenges to even the most committed teachers. This article delineates the barriers to effective teaching as noted in the literature and recommends action items, some of which are incremental whereas others represent major change. Physicians-in-training, medical faculty, and society are depending on medical education leaders to address these barriers to effect the changes needed to enhance teaching and learning.