Correlations Between Life-Detection Techniques and Implications for Sampling Site Selection in Planetary Analog Missions.
Correlations Between Life-Detection Techniques and Implications for Sampling Site Selection in Planetary Analog Missions.
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DOI：
10.1089/ast.2016.1575
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Geppert W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gentry DM;Amador ES;Cable ML;Chaudry N;Cullen T;Jacobsen MB;Murukesan G;Schwieterman EW;Stevens AH;Stockton A;Tan G;Yin C;Cullen DC;Geppert W
我们在模拟任务的限制下，对埃尔德费尔和费姆弗尔的玄武岩岩浆区(冰岛)的玄武岩岩浆区进行了模拟抽样考察。选定的地点在粗略的遥感分辨率(10-100 m)的表观颜色、形态、水分和颗粒大小上是“均匀的”，在地点和重复的数量上尽量做到逼真。三种不同的生物标志物分析(荧光显微镜下的核酸染色细胞计数，三磷酸腺苷的荧光素/荧光素酶分析，以及检测细菌、古生菌和真菌相关DNA的定量聚合酶链式反应)在四个嵌套的空间尺度(1 m，10 m，100 m，和>；1 Km)上通过使用五种常见的样本位置代表性度量(样本均方差，组F检验，配对t检验，以及无分布的秩和H和u检验)进行了表征。各指标间的相关性用Spearman等级检验进行分析。生物发光分析显示不同地点的差异最大，其次是细菌和古生菌的qPCRDNA；这些结果不能被认为在测试的最好分辨率(1 m)下具有代表性。细胞浓度和真菌DNA也有显著的局部差异，但它们在>；1 Km的尺度上是均匀的。这些结果表明，在先验特征有限的低生物量环境中，生命检测方法的选择和采样点的数量、分布和位置可以产生对比和互补的结果，在未来的生物标志物采样探险中，必须充分考虑它们之间的相互依存关系，以最大限度地获得科学回报。关键词：Astrobiology—Biodiversity—Microbiology—Iceland—Planetary探测-火星任务模拟-生物标记器。天体生物学17,1009-1021。
We conducted an analog sampling expedition under simulated mission constraints to areas dominated by basaltic tephra of the Eldfell and Fimmvörðuháls lava fields (Iceland). Sites were selected to be “homogeneous” at a coarse remote sensing resolution (10–100 m) in apparent color, morphology, moisture, and grain size, with best-effort realism in numbers of locations and replicates. Three different biomarker assays (counting of nucleic-acid-stained cells via fluorescent microscopy, a luciferin/luciferase assay for adenosine triphosphate, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect DNA associated with bacteria, archaea, and fungi) were characterized at four nested spatial scales (1 m, 10 m, 100 m, and >1 km) by using five common metrics for sample site representativeness (sample mean variance, group F tests, pairwise t tests, and the distribution-free rank sum H and u tests). Correlations between all assays were characterized with Spearman's rank test. The bioluminescence assay showed the most variance across the sites, followed by qPCR for bacterial and archaeal DNA; these results could not be considered representative at the finest resolution tested (1 m). Cell concentration and fungal DNA also had significant local variation, but they were homogeneous over scales of >1 km. These results show that the selection of life detection assays and the number, distribution, and location of sampling sites in a low biomass environment with limited a priori characterization can yield both contrasting and complementary results, and that their interdependence must be given due consideration to maximize science return in future biomarker sampling expeditions. Key Words: Astrobiology—Biodiversity—Microbiology—Iceland—Planetary exploration—Mars mission simulation—Biomarker. Astrobiology 17, 1009–1021.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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