Controlled growth of silicon particles via plasma pulsing and their application as battery material
Controlled growth of silicon particles via plasma pulsing and their application as battery material
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通过等离子体脉冲控制硅颗粒的生长及其作为电池材料的应用
DOI：
10.1088/1361-6463/ac3867
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mangolini, Lorenzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwan, Joseph;Wagner, Brandon;Kim, Minseok;Mangolini, Lorenzo
将硅纳米颗粒用于锂离子电池需要精确控制它们的平均尺寸和尺寸分布。大于普遍接受的临界尺寸150 nm的颗粒由于过度膨胀而在锂化过程中失败，而非常小的颗粒(<；10 nm)由于其过大的比表面积而不可避免地导致较差的第一循环库仑效率。这两种机制都会导致不可逆转的容量损失，并对阳极的功能造成不利影响。在这篇手稿中，我们描述了一种新的方法，利用脉冲低温流动等离子体反应器将纳米颗粒增强生长到∼20 nm。射频功率的脉冲导致平均颗粒尺寸显著增加，同时将颗粒保持在锂离子电池负极稳定运行的临界尺寸以下。发展了一个零维气溶胶等离子体模型，以提供对脉冲等离子体反应器中粒子聚集和生长动力学的深入了解。这种加速生长与余辉中颗粒尺寸分布的形状有关，而余辉颗粒尺寸分布的形状又受介稳密度、气体和电子温度等参数的控制。在每个余辉相中加速团聚之后，在随后的等离子体开启相中，团聚体快速烧结成单晶颗粒。这项研究强调了非热等离子体反应堆在合成功能纳米材料方面的潜力，同时也强调了在瞬变状态下更好地表征其基本参数的必要性。
The use of silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries requires a precise control over both their average size and their size distribution. Particles larger than the generally accepted critical size of 150 nm fail during lithiation because of excessive swelling, while very small particles (< 10 nm) inevitably lead to a poor first cycle coulombic efficiency because of their excessive specific surface area. Both mechanisms induce irreversible capacity losses and are detrimental to the anode functionality. In this manuscript we describe a novel approach for enhanced growth of nanoparticles to∼ 20 nm using low-temperature flow-through plasma reactors via pulsing. Pulsing of the RF power leads to a significant increase in the average particle size, all while maintaining the particles well below the critical size for stable operation in a lithium-ion battery anode. A zero-dimensional aerosol plasma model is developed to provide insights into the dynamics of particle agglomeration and growth in the pulsed plasma reactor. The accelerated growth correlates with the shape of the particle size distribution in the afterglow, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as metastable density, gas and electron temperature. The accelerated agglomeration in each afterglow phase is followed by rapid sintering of the agglomerates into single-crystal particles in the following plasma-on phase. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, while also underscoring the need for better characterization of their fundamental parameters in transient regimes.
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DOI：
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