The Chemistry of Gut Microbial Metabolism of Polyphenols.
The Chemistry of Gut Microbial Metabolism of Polyphenols.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11101-016-9459-z
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发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maier CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stevens JF;Maier CS
肠道微生物群有助于膳食多酚的代谢，并影响母体多酚及其代谢物的生物利用度。虽然有大量的具体多酚代谢物的报告，相对较少的是已知的化学和酶学的代谢途径所利用的特定微生物物种和类群，这是本次审查的重点。膳食多酚的主要类别包括单体和低聚儿茶素（原花色素）、黄酮醇、黄烷酮、鞣花单宁和甘草酮。这些多酚类的代表的肠道微生物代谢可以分类为A-和C-环裂解（逆克莱森反应）、由双加氧酶介导的C-环裂解、脱羟基化（脱羧或还原反应，随后释放H2O分子）和多酚（如白藜芦醇、姜黄素和姜黄酮）中烯烃部分的氢化（由NADPH依赖性还原酶介导）。肠道微生物群的定性和定量代谢输出在很大程度上取决于个体分类群的代谢能力，这强调了结合肠道微生物群组成的测定来评估功能分析的需要。
Gut microbiota contribute to the metabolism of dietary polyphenols and affect the bioavailability of both the parent polyphenols and their metabolites. Although there is a large number of reports of specific polyphenol metabolites, relatively little is known regarding the chemistry and enzymology of the metabolic pathways utilized by specific microbial species and taxa, which is the focus of this review. Major classes of dietary polyphenols include monomeric and oligomeric catechins (proanthocyanidins), flavonols, flavanones, ellagitannins, and isoflavones. Gut microbial metabolism of representatives of these polyphenol classes can be classified as A- and C-ring cleavage (retro Claisen reactions), C-ring cleavage mediated by dioxygenases, dehydroxylations (decarboxylation or reduction reactions followed by release of H2O molecules), and hydrogenations of alkene moieties in polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and isoflavones (mediated by NADPH-dependent reductases). The qualitative and quantitative metabolic output of the gut microbiota depends to a large extent on the metabolic capacity of individual taxa, which emphasizes the need for assessment of functional analysis in conjunction with determinations of gut microbiota compositions.