Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential applications in biotechnology
Cyanobacterial biodiversity and potential applications in biotechnology
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
N. Thajuddin;G. Subramanian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Thajuddin;G. Subramanian
蓝细菌（也称为蓝绿藻）是一群极其多样化的革兰氏阴性原核生物，起源于 35 亿年前。它们的多样性范围从单细胞到多细胞，球状到分枝丝状，几乎无色到浓色，自养到异养，嗜冷到嗜热，嗜酸到嗜烷，浮游到嗜压，淡水到海洋，包括高盐（盐田）。它们既可以自由生活，也可以作为内共生体。它们被认为是可以以多种方式对人类有用的潜在生物体之一。近年来，蓝藻生物技术取得了许多重要进展。蓝藻因其在海水养殖、食品、饲料、燃料、肥料、着色剂、生产各种次生代谢物（包括维生素、毒素、酶、药物、药理探针和污染消除）中的可能用途而受到全世界的关注。只有少数蓝藻菌株（包括螺旋藻）已被充分表征或商业化利用。需要进行基础研究来识别高价值产品的新蓝藻菌株，使用分子工具改进菌株以实现快速生长，抵抗不同环境条件的能力以及增强高价值产品的合成。本综述旨在重点关注蓝藻在各种环境中的生物多样性、最近的应用以及使商业开发方向多样化的新发展。
Cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) are a group of extraordinarily diverse Gram-negative prokaryotes that originated 3.5 billion years ago. Their diversity ranges from unicellular to multicellular, coccoid to branched filaments, nearly colourless to intensely pigmented, autotrophic to heterotrophic, psychrophilic to thermophilic, acidophilic to alkylophilic, planktonic to barophilic, freshwater to marine including hypersaline (salt pans). They are found both free living and as endosymbionts. They are considered to be one of the potential organisms which can be useful to mankind in various ways. A number of important advances have occurred in cyanobacterial biotechnology in the recent years. World wide attention is drawn towards cyanobacteria for their possible use in mariculture, food, feed, fuel, fertilizer, colourant, production of various secondary metabolites including vitamins, toxins, enzymes, pharmaceuticals, pharmacological probes and pollution abatement. Only a few cyanobacterial strains (including Spirulina) have been well-characterized or exploited commercially. Basic research is needed to identify new cyanobacterial strains of high value products, strain improvement using molecular tools for rapid growth rate, ability to withstand varied environmental conditions and enhancement of synthesis of high value products. This review is intended to focus on the biodiversity of cyanobacteria in various environments, recent application and new developments that are diversifying the directions for commercial exploitation.