Toxic Metal Concentrations in Cigarettes Obtained from U.S. Smokers in 2009: Results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) United States Survey Cohort
Toxic Metal Concentrations in Cigarettes Obtained from U.S. Smokers in 2009: Results from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) United States Survey Cohort
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph110100202
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fong, Geoffrey T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caruso, Rosalie V.;O'Connor, Richard J.;Fong, Geoffrey T.
与吸烟有关的疾病可归因于吸入许多不同的毒素，包括重金属，这些毒素对健康有许多不利影响。本研究报告了2009年ITC美国调查（N = 320）中成年吸烟者香烟中砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）的水平。As、Cd、Cr、Ni和Pb的平均含量分别为0.17、0.86、2.35、2.21和0.44 μ g/g。不同制造商生产的卷烟品牌的金属浓度存在一定差异，表明不同公司使用的烟草来源不同。对于Ni，Philip Morris U.S.（PMUSA）和R. J. Reynolds（RJR）品牌（PMUSA更高; p < 0.001）、PMUSA和其他制造商（OM）品牌（PMUSA更高; p < 0.001）以及RJR和OM品牌（RJR更高; p = 0.006）之间存在显著的成对差异。对于Cr，RJR品牌的水平高于OM品牌（p = 0.02）。砷、镉和铅的水平在制造商组之间没有显著差异（p > 0.10）。由于卷烟烟草中有毒重金属的种类繁多，对人体健康有诸多的负面影响，因此应降低卷烟烟草中重金属的含量。
Smoking-related diseases can be attributed to the inhalation of many different toxins, including heavy metals, which have a host of detrimental health effects. The current study reports the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in cigarettes obtained from adult smokers participating in the 2009 wave of the ITC United States Survey (N = 320). The mean As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb levels were 0.17, 0.86, 2.35, 2.21, and 0.44 mu g/g, respectively. There were some differences in metal concentrations of cigarette brands produced by different manufacturers, suggesting differences in the source of tobaccos used by different companies. For Ni, there were significant pairwise differences between Philip Morris U.S. (PMUSA) and R.J. Reynolds (RJR) brands (PMUSA higher; p < 0.001), PMUSA and other manufacturer (OM) brands (PMUSA higher; p < 0.001), and RJR and OM brands (RJR higher; p = 0.006). For Cr, RJR brands had higher levels than did OM brands (p = 0.02). Levels of As, Cd, and Pb did not differ significantly across manufacturer groups (p > 0.10). Because of the variety of toxic heavy metals in cigarette tobacco, and their numerous negative health effects, metal content in cigarette tobacco should be reduced.