Hantaviruses: rediscovery and new beginnings.
Hantaviruses: rediscovery and new beginnings.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.038
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发表时间：
2014-07-17
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Song JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yanagihara R;Gu SH;Arai S;Kang HJ;Song JW
病毒和宿主基因同源性，表明抗原性不同的汉坦病毒（布尼亚病毒科，汉坦病毒属）分离成分支，平行的啮齿动物的分子进化属于鼠科，Arvicolinae，Neotominae和Sigmodontinae亚科，建议共同分歧的汉坦病毒和啮齿动物的水库。最近，这一概念受到了激烈的争论，支持优先主机切换和本地主机特定的适应。为了深入了解汉坦病毒的宿主范围、时空分布、遗传多样性和进化起源，我们采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析了1，546只鼩的冷冻、RNAlater®保存和乙醇固定组织（9属，47种），281摩尔（8属，10种）和520蝙蝠（26属，53种），收集在欧洲，亚洲，非洲和北美在1980-2012年。到目前为止，我们已经在鼠、鼹鼠和蝙蝠中鉴定出24种新的汉坦病毒。这些新发现的汉他病毒在地理上分布广泛，在基因上比啮齿动物携带的汉他病毒更加多样化，这表明汉他病毒的进化历史比以前所证实的要复杂得多。系统发育分析表明，四个不同的分支，最分歧的汉坦病毒窝藏的欧洲鼹鼠和食虫蝙蝠，与证据共同分歧和主机切换。未来的研究将提供关于这些新发现的、仍然是孤儿的、非啮齿动物传播的汉坦病毒的传播动力学和致病潜力的新知识。
Virus and host gene phylogenies, indicating that antigenically distinct hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) segregate into clades, which parallel the molecular evolution of rodents belonging to the Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae and Sigmodontinae subfamilies, suggested co-divergence of hantaviruses and their rodent reservoirs. Lately, this concept has been vigorously contested in favor of preferential host switching and local host-specific adaptation. To gain insights into the host range, spatial and temporal distribution, genetic diversity and evolutionary origins of hantaviruses, we employed reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction to analyze frozen, RNAlater®-preserved and ethanol-fixed tissues from 1,546 shrews (9 genera, 47 species), 281 moles (8 genera, 10 species) and 520 bats (26 genera and 53 species), collected in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America during 1980–2012. Thus far, we have identified 24 novel hantaviruses in shrews, moles and bats. That these newfound hantaviruses are geographically widespread and genetically more diverse than those harbored by rodents suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously conjectured. Phylogenetic analyses indicate four distinct clades, with the most divergent comprising hantaviruses harbored by the European mole and insectivorous bats, with evidence for both co-divergence and host switching. Future studies will provide new knowledge about the transmission dynamics and pathogenic potential of these newly discovered, still-orphan, non-rodent-borne hantaviruses.