Functional Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a009621
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Obeso, Jose A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lanciego, Jose L.;Luquin, Natasha;Obeso, Jose A.
“基底神经节”是指一组皮质下核团，主要负责运动控制，以及其他角色，如运动学习，执行功能和行为，以及情绪。二十多年前提出的经典基底神经节模型显示了信息如何通过两条路径通过基底神经节流回皮层，这两条路径对正确执行运动具有相反的影响。虽然该模型的大部分内容仍然存在，但随着新数据的出现，该模型已被修改和扩大。此外，平行回路还有助于基底神经节参与联合和边缘区域的其他功能。基底神经节网络的破坏形成了几种运动障碍的基础。本文提供了一个全面的帐户基底神经节的功能解剖和化学和运动障碍的主要病理生理变化。我们试图回答与基底神经节相关的三个关键问题，如下：什么是基底神经节？它们是什么做的？它们是如何工作的？一些洞察力的典型基底神经节模型，连同选择的悖论和一些意见，在地平线上的领域。
The "basal ganglia" refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions. Proposed more than two decades ago, the classical basal ganglia model shows how information flows through the basal ganglia back to the cortex through two pathways with opposing effects for the proper execution of movement. Although much of the model has remained, the model has been modified and amplified with the emergence of new data. Furthermore, parallel circuits subserve the other functions of the basal ganglia engaging associative and limbic territories. Disruption of the basal ganglia network forms the basis for several movement disorders. This article provides a comprehensive account of basal ganglia functional anatomy and chemistry and the major pathophysiological changes underlying disorders of movement. We try to answer three key questions related to the basal ganglia, as follows: What are the basal ganglia? What are they made of? How do they work? Some insight on the canonical basal ganglia model is provided, together with a selection of paradoxes and some views over the horizon in the field.