Factors affecting the concentrations of lead in British wheat and barley grain.
Factors affecting the concentrations of lead in British wheat and barley grain.
复制标题
影响英国小麦和大麦谷物中铅浓度的因素。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.011
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
A. Sinclair
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Zhao;M. L. Adams;C. Dumont;S. McGrath;A. Chaudri;F. Nicholson;B. Chambers;A. Sinclair
铅进入食物链令人担忧，因为它可能导致慢性健康问题。测定了 1982 年和 1998 年英国谷物质量调查中代表性收集的谷物样品中的 Pb 浓度（1982 年和 1998 年收集的小麦，1998 年收集的大麦分别为 n=176、250 和 233）。此外，还从英国 377 个地点收集了 1998 年至 2000 年收获的配对土壤和谷物样本。小麦籽粒 Pb 的范围为低于分析检测限（0.02mgkg−1 干重，DW）至 1.63mgkg−1DW，大麦籽粒 Pb 的范围为 <0.02 至 0.48mgkg−1DW。绝大多数样品（小麦和大麦均>99%，不包括2000年采集的苏格兰大麦样品）远低于欧盟新出台的谷物中铅最大允许浓度限值（0.2mgkg−1鲜重，相当于0.235mgkg−1DW）。 1998年调查小麦籽粒中Pb较1982年调查显着下降。然而，2000年在土壤和作物配对调查中从苏格兰采集的40个大麦样本显示铅浓度异常高，其中10个样本超过欧盟限值。洗涤实验表明，谷物收获和/或储存期间引入的表面污染是这些样品中高浓度的主要原因。在土壤和作物配对调查中，谷物铅浓度与土壤总铅和其他土壤性质之间没有显着相关性，表明土壤中铅的生物有效性较低，并且谷物对铅的吸收和运输有限。谷物中的铅可能主要来自大气沉积以及收获和储存过程中其他表面污染途径。
The entry of Pb into the food chain is of concern as it can cause chronic health problems. The concentration of Pb was determined in cereal grain samples collected representatively from British Cereal Quality Surveys in 1982 and 1998 (n=176, 250 and 233 for wheat collected in 1982 and 1998, and barley in 1998, respectively). In addition, paired soil and grain samples were collected from 377 sites harvested across Britain in 1998–2000. Wheat grain Pb ranged from below the analytical detection limit (0.02mgkg−1dry weight, DW) to 1.63mgkg−1DW, and barley grain Pb from <0.02 to 0.48mgkg−1DW. The vast majority of samples (>99% for both wheat and barley, excluding Scottish barley samples collected in 2000) were well below the newly introduced EU limit for the maximum permissible concentration of Pb in cereals (0.2mgkg−1fresh weight, equivalent to 0.235mgkg−1DW). There was a significant reduction in wheat grain Pb in the 1998 survey compared with the 1982 survey. However, 40 barley samples collected from Scotland in 2000 in the paired soil and crop survey showed anomalously high concentrations of Pb, with 10 samples exceeding the EU limit. Washing experiments demonstrated that surface contamination, introduced during grain harvest and/or storage, was the main reason for the high concentrations in these samples. In the paired soil and crop surveys, there were no significant correlations between grain Pb concentrations with total soil Pb and other soil properties, indicating low bioavailability of Pb in the soils and limited uptake and transport of Pb to grain. The Pb in cereal grain is likely to originate mainly from atmospheric deposition and other routes of surface contamination during harvest and storage.