Searching for Scandinavians in pre-Viking Scotland: molecular fingerprinting of Early Medieval combs

Searching for Scandinavians in pre-Viking Scotland: molecular fingerprinting of Early Medieval combs
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在前维京苏格兰寻找斯堪的纳维亚人:中世纪早期梳子的分子指纹

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.026
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Von Holstein I
Von Holstein I
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Von Holstein I

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中世纪早期苏格兰北方(公元8 - 10世纪)的北欧殖民地的特征和年代是激烈争论的话题。来自苏格兰北方奥克尼群岛的“本土”或“皮克特人”型梳子中存在驯鹿鹿茸原料,这被认为是文化接触的长期和基本和平的初始时期的证据,而不是可能在世纪后期的较短、更两极化的时期。在此,使用破坏性最小的胶原蛋白肽质量指纹法(ZooMS)对20个梳子的原材料进行物种鉴定,以检验这一假设。11只被确认为红鹿,4只驯鹿,1只鲸鱼。通过随后对14个相同样品应用古代DNA(aDNA)方法来测试该方法的准确性和温和性:在10个样品中,扩增成功,所有样品都支持初步的ZooMS鉴定。样本中所有的“本土”型梳子都被鉴定为红鹿,所有的挪威类型都被鉴定为驯鹿。这些结果挑战了这些梳子原材料的先前种属鉴定。证据的平衡不再支持在世纪晚期之前大西洋苏格兰和斯堪的纳维亚定居者之间存在长期的文化接触。ZooMS被证明具有相当大的潜力,用于识别工作的骨头和鹿角文物,在考古学和野生动物/艺术史法医学的应用。
The character and chronology of Norse colonisation in Early Medieval northern Scotland (8th–10th centuries AD) is hotly debated. The presence of reindeer antler raw material in ‘native’ or ‘Pictish’ type combs from the Orkney Isles, northern Scotland has been put forward as evidence for a long and largely peaceful initial period of cultural contact, as opposed to a shorter, more polarised period probably in the late ninth century. Here this hypothesis is tested using a minimally-destructive collagen peptide mass fingerprinting method (ZooMS) to speciate the raw material of 20 combs. Eleven were identified as red deer, four as reindeer and one as whale. The accuracy and gentleness of this method was tested by the subsequent application of ancient DNA (aDNA) methods to fourteen of the same samples: in ten, amplification was successful and all supported the preliminary ZooMS identification. All ‘native’-type combs in the sample are identified as red deer, and all Norse types as reindeer. These results challenge previous species identifications for these combs' raw materials. The balance of evidence no longer supports the existence of a long period of cultural contact between Atlantic Scotland and Scandinavian settlers before the late 9th century. ZooMS is shown to have considerable potential for identification of worked bone and antler artefacts, with applications in archaeology and wildlife/art-history forensics.
维京时代的梳子、梳子制作和梳子制作者:根据比尔卡和里伯的发现
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