Visual indexes, preconceptual objects, and situated vision
Visual indexes, preconceptual objects, and situated vision
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DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00156-6
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pylyshyn, ZW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pylyshyn, ZW
本文认为，适合物体识别和动作控制双重目的的情境视觉理论必须提供的不仅仅是一个从视觉刺激构建概念表征的系统：它还需要在视觉表征的元素和世界中的某些元素之间提供一种特殊的直接（概念前的、无中介的）联系。与自然语言指示词（例如“这个”或“那个”）一样，这种直接连接允许在不进行分类或概念化的情况下引用实体。为什么我们需要这样一种先概念机制来区分并跟踪世界上的几个单独的对象，有几个原因。一是早期视觉必须挑选并计算多个单独物体之间的关系，而忽略它们的属性。另一个问题是，增量计算和更新动态场景的表示需要跟踪令牌个体，尽管它们的属性或位置发生变化。然后值得注意的是，已经提出了满足这些要求的机制，以解释许多不同的经验现象，包括子化。搜索子集选择和多对象跟踪（Pylyshyn 等人，加拿大实验心理学杂志 48(2) (1994) 260）。对这种被称为视觉索引或 FINST 的机制进行了简要讨论，并认为将其视为执行指示性或先概念性参考功能不仅对情景视觉理论具有深远的影响，而且还提出了一种新的方法来看待为什么视觉对象或原型对象的原始个体化在计算视觉表示中如此重要。根据这种观点，索引视觉对象也是奠定视觉概念基础的主要手段，并且是研究跨时间和跨扫视的视觉整合问题以及解释婴儿的数字能力如何产生的潜在有效方法。 (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
This paper argues that a theory of situated vision, suited for the dual purposes of object recognition and the control of action, will have to provide something more than a system that constructs a conceptual representation from visual stimuli: it will also need to provide a special kind of direct (preconceptual, unmediated) connection between elements of a visual representation and certain elements in the world. Like natural language demonstratives (such as 'this' or 'that') this direct connection allows entities to be referred to without being categorized or conceptualized. Several reasons are given for why we need such a preconceptual mechanism which individuates and keeps track of several individual objects in the world. One is that early vision must pick out and compute the relation among several individual objects while ignoring their properties. Another is that incrementally computing and updating representations of a dynamic scene requires keeping track of token individuals despite changes in their properties or locations. It is then noted that a mechanism meeting theses requirements has already been proposed in order to account for a number of disparate empirical phenomena, including subitizing. search-subset selection and multiple object tracking (Pylyshyn et al., Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 48(2) (1994) 260). This mechanism, called a visual index or FINST, is briefly discussed and it is argued that viewing it as performing a demonstrative or preconceptual reference function has far-reaching implications not only for a theory of situated vision, but also for suggesting a new way to look at why the primitive individuation of visual objects, or proto-objects, is so central in computing visual representations. Indexing visual objects is also, according to this view, the primary means for grounding visual concepts and is a potentially fruitful way to look at the problem of visual integration across time and across saccades, as well as to explain how infants' numerical capacity might arise. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.